Biology AS Unit 3 Enzymes

a protein produced by a living organism that acts as a biological catalyst in a chemical reaction by reducing activation energy

• active site

• enzyme

• enzyme-substrate complex

• activation energy

an area on an enzyme molecule where the substrate can bind

• active site

• enzyme

• enzyme-substrate complex

• activation energy

a hypothesis for enzyme action; the substrate is a complementary shape to the active site of the enzyme, and fits exactly into the site, the enzyme shows specificity for the substrate

• Michaelis-Menten constant

• Lock-and-key hypothesis

• Competitive inhibition

• Induced-fit hypothesis

a hypothesis for enzyme action, the substrate is a complementary shape to the active site of the enzyme but not an exact fit - the enzyme or sometimes the substrate, can change shape slightly to ensure a perfect fit, but it is still described as showing specificity

• Michaelis-Menten constant

• Lock-and-key hypothesis

• Competitive inhibition

• Induced-fit hypothesis

the energy that must be provided to make a reaction take place, enzymes reduce this required for a substrate to change into a product

• active site

• activation energy

• V max

• denature

an instrument that measures the colour of a solution by measuring the absorption of different wavelengths of light

• enzyme-substrate complex

• colorimeter

• V max

• denature

the theoretical maximum rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction, obtained when all the active sites of the enzyme are occupied

• enzyme-substrate complex

• Michaelis-Menten constant

• V max

• denature

the substrate concentration at which an enzyme works at half its maximum rate used as a measure of the efficiency for an enzyme

• enzyme-substrate complex

• Michaelis-Menten constant

• V max

• denature

when a substance reduces the rate of activity of an enzyme by competing with the substrate molecules for the enzyme's active site

• competitive inhibition

• non-competitive inhibition

• immobilized enzymes

• affinity

enzymes that have been fixed to a surface or trapped inside beads of agar gel

• denature

• intracellular

• immobilized enzymes

• affinity

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3