Based on the reading, which answer choice best reflects an economic change in China in the 15th century which was a direct effect of the Ming Dynasty's Xenophobic policies?

• Trade would return to normal as Mongolians maintained protection of merchants along the Silk Road.

• The Ming dynasty shifted from the use of coins and paper money to raw materials like silver.

• Exchange with Chinese neighbors increased due to improved tax laws and the use of silver.

• People would now provide community service in exchange for goods.

Which answer best identifies a continuity within China's economic system between the periods c. 1200 to 1750?

• Chinese bureaucratic officials continued to govern important aspects of trade and the government.

• Sea merchant trade continued to decline as land-based trade increased into China.

• Merchants could continue to utilize paper money when trading with China.

• Banking Houses spread from Europe to China to store the growing amounts of silver.

The image reflects what important continuity from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty?

• The ongoing assimilation of Manchu cultural traditions by the imperial elite

• Maintenance of the Silk Roads to promote cultural exchanges with the Middle East

• The use of the traditional kowtow and other Confucian practices of respect

• Financial support provided by trade with neighboring states.

Which of the following contributed to the Chinese government’s decision to reduce trade in the early fifteenth century and rebuild the Great Wall?

• Lack of sufficient Chinese goods for trade.

• The destruction of the Chinese fleet by typhoons.

• Government concern with border security.

• Fear of the spread of the plague to China.

The breakup of the Mongol Empire into separate khanates during the mid-thirteenth century was most connected to which of the following developments?

• The spread of the bubonic plague following the expansion of trade along the Silk Roads weakened the Mongol Empire demographically and militarily.

• Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties and made it difficult to establish long-lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war.

• Mongolian attempts to conquer japan were inhibited due to their lack of maritime warfare.

• The attempts of Mongol rulers to force their subjects to convert to Islam led to widespread rebellions in Central and East Asia.

Which answer best reflects the end of the Yuan Dynasty?

• Inexperienced bureacrats attempted to replace militray generals as a means of maintaining control over the people.

• Rebellions in China overthrew Mongol rule after a caste system was installed placing indigenous Chinese as the bottom social class.

• Xenophobic policies reduced the amount of national funds, which were no longer being supported by trade leading to peasant revolts.

• European imperial tactics reduced Chinese control over their own tradable goods leading to an outdry to remove Chinese rulers.

The image reflects what important changes from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty?

• Women could now marry within their family.

• Traditional attire and hairstyles changed as a sign of loyalty to the Qing Dynasty.

• Women were now allowed to be more involved in political service.

• Qing Dynastic leaders advocated for a healthier lifestyle.

In addition to the constant building of the Great Wall, what other constructions drained national funds from the Ming Dynasty?

• Expansion of the Grand Canal.

• Cultivation of new drought resistant rice varieties.

• The building of a fortified palace for the ruling royal family.

• New gunpowder weapons.

Based on the elaborate decor and Confucian inspired layout, one can conclude...

• rulers of the Forbidden City used art and monumental architecture to legitimize their power.

• engineers sought to confuse their enemies and prevent them from successfully navigating the complex city before reaching the center.

• builders utilized former Mongolian and Yuan buildings in order to preserve their memory.

• the city was used as a major trading hub when open to foriegn ministers and merchants.

Based on its construction and the materials used, one of the primary threats to the Forbidden City were...

• Earthquakes

• Thunder storms

• Fires

• Tsunamis