FL Biology EOC - L.14.2 - Structure and Function of Cell Parts

The structural components of plant & animal cells, called "organelles" have specific functions. For example, Chloroplast contain the green pigment chlorophyll that helps cells absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

• True

• False

Tags

SC.912.L.14.3

The role of cell membranes as a highly selective barriers is extremely important to the cell. Both passive & active transport occur across the cell membrane, including osmosis (hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic), diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis and pinocytosis.

• True

• False

Tags

SC.912.L.14.3

There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• lysosome

• mitochondrion

• nucleus

• ribosome

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. They do contain ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis.

Tags

SC.912.L.14.3

Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?

• passive transport by diffusion

• active transport using ATP

• passive transport by osmosis

• phagocytosis

Answer explanation

Active transport requires ATP and is used when solutes need to move against a concentration gradient.

Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

• bacteria

• only animal cells

• protists

• both plant and animal cells

Answer explanation

Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have DNA (genetic material) contained in a membrane-bound nucleus.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Which characteristic do most plants have in common?

• they are unicellular

• they are prokaryotic

• they produce seeds

• they are autotrophic

Answer explanation

Almost all plants produce their own food using photosynthesis.

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

• ribosome - protein synthesis

• mitochondrion - movement

• vacuole - cell division

• nucleus - storage of nutrients

Answer explanation

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are found both on the rough Endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria function in Cellular Respiration, which converts carbohydrate energy into ATP energy with the use of oxygen. Vacuoles function as a storage area for water and nutrients. The nucleus contains genetic material.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

The diagram represents a cell of a green plant. 

Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure? 

• Structure A

• Structure B

• Structure C

• Structure D

Answer explanation

Structure A is the nucleus, Structure B is the cell membrane, Structure C is a vacuole and Structure D is a chloroplast. The chloroplast is where photosynthesis takes place converting solar energy into sugars that are then converted to energy in the form of ATP.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?

• The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution

• The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.

• The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.

• The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

Answer explanation

The salt water solution is hypertonic to the cells of the gums. It contains a higher concentration of solute (salt) and a lower concentration of water. Water from inside the cells of the gums moves down the concentration gradient and out of the cells.

The diagram represents a cell. Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?

• Organelle 1

• Organelle 2

• Organelle 3

• Organelle 4

Answer explanation

Structure 1 is a mitochondrion, Structure 2 is a ribosome, Structure 3 is the cell membrane and Structure 4 is the nucleus.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1