Land-based empires made it ______ for Europeans to get _____ luxury goods they craved.

• easier, American

• harder, American

• easier, Asian

• harder, Asian

In the 15th and 16th centuries, oceanic travel across the Atlantic and the Pacific created the first truly global _________.

• pandemic

• religion

• network

• extinction

The _________ _________ transformed life in every part of the world, immediately in some places and more gradually in others.

• land empires

• Columbian Exchange

• Great Dying

• Spanish conquistadors

American _____ revolutionized global trading in the era of the Columbian Exchange.

• silver

• gold

• diamonds

• sugar

The cumulative effects of the Columbian Exchange brought great prosperity to some regions and devastated others

• True

• False

The Great Dying and Atlantic slaving system reversed global population growth.

• True

• False

The leaders of new land-based empires had learned from the _______ how to rule vast territories.

• Song Dynasty

• Abbasid Caliphate

• Holy Roman Empire

• Mongol Empire

Their governments were all relatively ________, meaning rulers put as much power as possible in their ________ hands.

• decentralized, nobility's

• centralized, own

• theocratic, religion's

• democratic, peoples'

Land-based empires used __________ and ____________ to great effect.

• constitutions, religion

• bureaucracies, gunpowder

• taxes, reforms

• elections, fear

Oceanic empires imposed racial hierarchies and coerced labor systems to ensure work was completed.

• True

• False