Pol Sci - Openstax - Chapter 2

Which of these is the best interpretation of this statement: “Human rights exist; although unobservable, they are real, just as gravity is real”?

• We may not truly be able to know their source, but various philosophers have contended that human rights exist through God, nature, or human reason.

• Gravity and human rights are scientific concepts conceived by Sir Isaac Newton.

• Human rights exist because they have been observed in the world.

• Human rights can be measured using empirical methods.

  True or false? Human rights are “inalienable” because they apply only to citizens and not resident aliens.

• True

• False

True or false? The right to privacy is considered a civil liberty.

• True

• False

What social justice concept is most associated with the idea of a cost-benefit analysis?

• Libertarianism

• Utilitarianism

• Marxism

• Rawl's Theory of Justice

Which answer choice best explains why people who are opposed to the mandated wearing of masks to control the spread of COVID-19 are often connected to the political ideology of libertarianism?

• Libertarians assert that individual rights should not be violated and that choosing whether to wear a mask is one of those rights.

• Social justice, in the eyes of libertarians, results when individual liberties are fully protected by the state.

• Libertarians are likely to associate mandatory masking with other government mandates like paying taxes.

• All of these

True or false? According to Marxism, a society is just when the political system maximizes individual liberty and protects individual rights.

• True

• False

Which statement best represents the key teaching of Marxism as related to social justice?

• Class distinctions between workers and capitalists must be eliminated to ensure workers’ fair and equal treatment

•   All people in a society must share equally in the creation and allocation of goods

• Government must provide basic services such as health care to everyone regardless of income.

•   All of these

Whose theories of nonviolent struggle for social justice strongly impacted political activists around the world?

• Franklin Roosevelt

• Mahatma Gandi

• Sir Francis Drake

• Teddy Roosevelt

  What are the two most fundamental purposes of government (according to the textbook)?

• Protect freedom of speech and the right to bear arms

• Protect individuals from each other and provide public goods

• Guarantee that government is best when it governs least and reduce limits on individual rights

• Enforce taxation and guarantee representation

   Which answer choice best explains the textbook author’s statement “Numerous countries have used the pretense of the COVID-19 pandemic to become more authoritarian”?

•        The COVID-19 pandemic has made it easier for countries to institute democratic principles and greater access to government resources.

•     COVID-19 and communism originated in China.

•   In order to meet government safety protocols, many countries have insisted that public health rules are justified at the expense of the rights of the citizens.

•     All of these