AP Biology Unit 4 Cell Communication

Where does the ligand bind to initiate signal transduction?

• Glycolipids

• Nucleus

• Phosphorylation cascade

• Receptor

Where would you find a receptor for a steroid hormone?

• In the cytoplasm because steroids are polar

• In the cytoplasm because steroids are nonpolar

• On the membrane because steroids are polar

• On the membrane because steroids are nonpolar

Which of the following is a secondary messenger?

• cAMP

• ATP

• Protein kinase

• Ligand

Which of the following is the order of steps for a signal transduction pathway?

How are steroid and protein hormones different?

• Steroid hormones are hydrophobic while protein hormones are hydrophilic

• Steroid hormones are hydrophilic while protein hormones are hydrophobic

• Steroid hormones are small and uncharged while protein hormones are large and charged

• Steroid hormones are large and charged while protein hormones are small and uncharged

Which of the following is a potential response for the cell?

• Conformational change of a receptor

• Transcription factor

• Phosphorylation cascade

• Release of Ca⁺² from smooth ER

How is paracrine and hormone signaling different?

• Hormone signaling involves bloodstream, long-distance and paracrine involves extracellular fluid, short-distance

• Hormone signaling involves extracellular fluid, short-distance and paracrine involves bloodstream, long-distance

• Hormone signaling involves extracellular fluid, long-distance and paracrine involves bloodstream, short-distance

• Hormone signaling involves bloodstream, short-distance and paracrine involves extracellular fluid, long-distance

How are ligands cell-specific?

• Each cell has a different response to the ligand

• Each cell has different receptors to bind to the ligand

• Each cell has different relay molecules based on the ligand

• Each cell has different processes for endocytosis

Describe the phosphorylation cascade.

• Protein phosphatase adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate

• Protein kinase adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate

• ATP adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate

• Mitochondria adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate

More than one ligand can bind to the same receptor.

• True

• False