Unit 5: Hydrosphere Review

Which of the following natural disasters is most likely to aid in the formation of ocean trenches?

• earthquakes

• hurricanes

• tsunamis

• volcanic eruption

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which two geologic processes are associated with the formation of new seafloor?

• hot spot activity and transform boundaries

• mantle convection currents and divergent plate boundaries

• upwelling and convergent boundaries

• vulcanism and divergent boundaries

The Mariana Trench is the deepest location in any of the Earth's oceans. Which of the following describes the most likely cause of its formation?

• A plate topped with oceanic crust diverged from another plate topped with oceanic crust.

• A plate topped with oceanic crust was subducted under another plate topped with oceanic crust.

• A plate toped with oceanic crust was subducted under another plate topped with continental crust.

• A plate topped with continental crust was subducted under another plate topped with oceanic crust.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Volcanic island arcs are formed when matter from the oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and erupts as lava. The volcanic debris continually piles up until the submarine volcano breaches the ocean's surface to form an island. Which feature of the ocean floor is most likely to be found near volcanic island arcs?

• trench

• mid-ocean ridge

• hydrothermal vent

• transform fault zone

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which region of the ocean floor contains canyons and marks the boundary between crusts along each coast?

• trench

• seamount

• abyssal plain

• continental slope

The salinity of the water in Earth's oceans differs depending on location. How does ocean salinity change moving from Earth's poles to the equator?

• Salinity increases due to increased evaporation.

• Salinity decreases due to increased precipitation.

• Salinity decreases due to increased water density.

• Salinity increases due to increased water temperature.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

According to plate tectonic theory, what was the size of the Atlantic Ocean 100 million years ago?

• much larger than today

• slightly larger than today

• much smaller than today

• slightly smaller than today

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which statement best describes the mid-ocean ridge?

• an edge of the continental shelf

• a place in the sea where two plates slide past one another

• a vast mountain chain located in the middle of the sea floor

• an area where oceanic crust is being compressed by two colliding plates

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which statement most accurately describes how the oceans have been affected by subduction?

• Subduction of tectonic plates causes the formation of new mantle as old oceanic floor is recycled.

• Subduction of tectonic plates results in the splitting of continents and formation of new ocean basins.

• Subduction of tectonic plates causes the formation of steep-sided valleys known as submarine canyons.

• Subduction of tectonic plates results in the rising of the ocean floor and formation of new continental crust.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

The continents and oceans of Earth have changed over time. These changes are shown in the figure below.

Which of these statements best describes how the ocean has changed over time?

• The Pacific Ocean basin has diminished due to forces at transform plate boundaries.

• The Pacific Ocean basin has diminished due to the interactions of ridges at junctions.

• The Atlantic Ocean basin has expanded due to the formation of new ocean floor at divergent plate boundaries.

• The Atlantic Ocean basin has expanded due to the formation of new ocean floor due to the subduction process.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1