Fall Benchmark Review #3

The diagram shows how a cylinder in a car engine causes the car to move. Which description of the energy conversions in this process is correct?

• The chemical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to thermal energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

• The mechanical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

• The electrical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to mechanical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

• The thermal energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

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The picture shows a bicyclist increasing speed while riding down a hill during a bicycle race. Which statements accurately describe the potential and kinetic energy of this bicyclist?

• Kinetic energy increases. Potential energy decreases.

• Kinetic energy increases.

  Potential energy remains constant.

• Kinetic energy remains C constant.

  Potential energy decreases.

• Kinetic energy remains

  D constant. Potential energy increases.

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Roller coasters are popular attractions at amusement parks. A cart on a roller coaster approaches the highest point on the coaster. As the cart reaches the top, it slows down.

Which statement best describes the energy of the roller coaster as it slows down while traveling to the top of the coaster?

• The cart gains both kinetic and potential energy.

• The cart gains kinetic energy and loses potential energy.

• The cart loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy.

• The cart loses both kinetic and potential energy.

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Students build a circuit. The circuit has wires that connect a battery to a switch and a fan. Which energy transformations happen when the students close the circuit and the blades of

the fan begin to spin?

• Chemical to mechanical to electrical

• Electrical to chemical to mechanical

• Chemical to electrical to mechanical

• Mechanical to electrical to chemical

Which is the best example of an object with only potential energy?

• A boat moving through the water

• A boulder resting on top of a cliff

• A ball being thrown across a field

• Water being poured out of a pitcher

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As a boulder rolls from the top of a hill to the bottom, how does its potential and kinetic energy change?

• Potential and kinetic energy both increase

• Potential increases and kinetic decreases

• Potential decreases and kinetic increases

• Potential and kinetic energy both decrease

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Students are investigating changes from potential to kinetic energy by rolling a marble down a ramp made by propping up a plastic ruler on a book and letting it roll down. Which of the following will change the potential energy the marble starts with?

• Adding more books beneath the ruler

• Pushing the marble down the ramp

• Switching the plastic ruler with a wooden one

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A truck is parked at the bottom of a hill. It moves from the bottom of a hill and parks at the top. Compared to when it was parked at the bottom of the hill at its new position, the truck now has –

• more potential energy.

• more kinetic energy.

• less potential energy.

• less kinetic energy.

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The illustration shows a rollercoaster and indicates four different positions the car might be at as it moves along the track. At which point in the roller coaster’s journey is its potential energy the greatest?

• W

• X

• Y

• Z

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At which position does the pendulum have the most kinetic energy?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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