AP Comp. Gov 3.1 to 3.4 Review

Which of the following explains how civil society interacts with politics in both Nigeria and Mexico?

• Nigeria and Mexico both totally repress civil society, which undermines democracy by reducing individual freedoms.

• Nigeria and Mexico both suffer from a corporatist structure that undermines the power of civil society.

• Nigeria and Mexico both benefit from an increasingly active civil society, much of which focuses on reducing corruption.

• Nigeria and Mexico both have civil societies deeply rooted in their long histories of democracy.

Which of the following accurately describes the Chinese government’s imposition of restrictions on civil society groups?

• The government is transparent in the regulations that it applies to civil society groups.

• The government’s actions contradict guarantees of civil liberties in its constitution.

• The government restricts groups protesting living standards more than it restricts those opposing party rule.

• The government faces severe repercussions from the international community

Civil societies require which of the following?

• The existence of a written constitution

• Elections on a set cycle

• Voluntary associations

• Civilian control of the military

Which of the following describes a difference between fascism and populism?

• Fascism is the belief in the abolition of private property with near total governmental control over the economy, and populism is the belief in rights of the common people over elites.

• Fascism is an extreme nationalist ideology that favors authoritarian rule and the rights of the ethnic majority over that of ethnic minorities, and populism is the belief in the reduction of income disparities.

• Fascism is an extreme nationalist ideology that favors authoritarian rule and the rights of the ethnic majority over that of ethnic minorities, and populism is the belief in rights of the common people over elites.

• Fascism is the belief in individual civil liberties and freedom over governmental restrictions, and populism is the belief in limited governmental intervention in the economy and society.

A. Using the data in the table, identify the Chinese organization with the most active members.

B. Using the data in the table, describe a pattern for active members in organizations.

C. Describe civil society.

D. Using the data in the table, draw a conclusion about civil society.

Answer explanation

A. · Sport or recreational organization

B. · There is a larger percent membership in organizations in democratic countries than in authoritarian countries.

· There is a larger percent membership in organizations in Mexico and Nigeria than in Russia and China.

· More people identified themselves as members of a church or religious organization in Mexico and Russia than any other organization.

· Authoritarian systems have much less participation in humanitarian or charitable organizations than do democratic systems.

· All countries identified have low participation in labor unions.

C. · Civil society comprises a range of voluntary associations that are autonomous from the state, including local religious and neighborhood organizations, news media, business and professional associations, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

D. · More people identify themselves as members of various organizations in Mexico and Nigeria because those countries are democracies that promote civil society.

· Fewer people identify themselves as members of various organizations in Russia and China because those countries are not democracies, and do not promote civil society.

· Democracies have much stronger, broader, or more developed civil society than authoritarian systems.

· Authoritarian systems discourage or restrict civil society.

· Authoritarian systems steer active participation into areas that do not compete or conflict with the state’s power.

Which of the following examples best illustrates a challenge to political socialization in the United Kingdom and Nigeria?

• Most civic organizations in both countries have strong political biases, so people are not able to receive neutral information to form their own opinions.

• The monarchy was once the most important means of political socialization in both countries, but now it has little respect among the people.

• The Roman Catholic Church is an important institution of socialization in both countries, which creates a bias against people of other faiths.

• People are socialized in both countries partly through the media, and there are several news sources that print influential stories that are biased.

Which of the following describes a contrasting political value?

• In Mexico, the government is limited to the same rules as its citizens, whereas in Russia the government uses the law to reinforce the authority of the state.

• In Iran, the government is limited to the same rules as its citizens, whereas in Nigeria the government uses the law to reinforce the authority of the state.

• In China, citizens value rule by law, whereas in Iran citizens value rule of law.

• In Russia, citizens value rule of law, whereas in the United Kingdom citizens value rule by law.

Which of the following best describes political culture?

• The government’s right to rule over citizens and monitor their behavior for the good of the entire society

• The process of transmitting political values through family, schools, peers, and the media.

• The collective attitudes, values, and beliefs of the citizenry and the norms of behavior in the political system

• The expressed platforms of different political parties competing for power within the state

The political culture of a nation is best defined as the

• institutional, legal, and constitutional structure of the government

• procedure for selecting top officials in the government

• literary works that most influence political leaders

• underlying attitudes and predispositions of citizens toward the political system

Emphasizing values such as gender equality and environmental protection rather than concern with traditional economic priorities is known as

• socialism

• neoliberalism

• postmaterialism

• positivism