Afro Lit to 1940

William Wells Brown

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first African American to earn a living as a writer; antislavery lecturer, historian, playwright, political activist wrote the Clotel

Harriet Wilson

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1st African American woman to publish novel in US. wrote Our Nig

Jupiter Hammon

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~Focus on God and find religion, than their own liberty (freedom "An Address to Miss Phillis Wheatley, An Evening Thought, Salvation by Christ, Address to the Negroes in the State of New York first African enslaved person to write and publish a poem

Lucy Terry

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The first African American poet, although her 1746 poem "Bars Fight" was not published in her lifetime. Was born a slave, but her husband purchased her freedom and some of her children were able to go to college.

George Moses Horton

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Slave who sells vegetables in Chapel Hill. Men begin to pay him to write love poems for them. Begins to write poetry showcasing the hardships of slavery. "Division of an Estate" & "The Lover's Farewell"

Phyllis Wheatley

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First published African-American woman

Frederick Douglass

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(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.

Harriet Jacobs

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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Defined herself as a "poor slave mother" pleading for security and freedom for her own children and for the children of other mothers still in bondage

An Evening Thought

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-1st published written work by AA in US -declares Hammon's faith -declaration & prayer -seeking true salvation by Victorious God -acknowledges who God is, what he's done and does -encourages to wake up and accept God's salvation (delivery from slavery as well) Jupiter Hammon

An Address to Miss Phillis Wheatley

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- follow God's path of peace -reap endless joy -regardless of struggles, God will save & guide you -Dont dwell on "earthly toys" -Jesus sacrificed himself for our sins, so we must do the same -when Judgement Day comes God will know and take the saints Jupiter Hammon