AP Biology Unit 2 Exam Review

Tay Sachs results from a build-up of fats due to an error in which organelle that is responsible for digesting macromolecules?

• Rough ER

• Smooth ER

• Lysosome

• Golgi Bodies

The following data was collected by observing subcellular structures of three different types of cells. How can you determine these are eukaryotic cells?

• They have ribosomes

• They have membrane bound organelles

• They have DNA

• They have a plasma membrane

Prokaryotic cell

• a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteria
• a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
• the idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.
•  part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Researchers have proposed a model of chloroplast evolution. According to the model, chloroplasts evolved from a small prokaryotic organism that was engulfed by an ancestral eukaryote. The engulfed prokaryote then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the eukaryotic host.

Which of the following observations best supports the model?

• Chloroplasts are separated from other subcellular compartments by semipermeable membranes.

• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms both acquire nutrients from the surrounding environment.

• Eukaryotes evolved after prokaryotes and have more complex structures.

• Chloroplasts and some prokaryotes share similar photosynthetic reactions.

The Plasma membrane mainly consists of

• Proteins embedded in carbohydrate-lipid layer

• Proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer

• Proteins embedded in a phospholipid layer

• Proteins embedded in a lipid molecules

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means

• anything can pass in and out

• the membrane regulates the passage of the material in and out of the cell

• glucose cannot enter the cell

• cholesterol cannot enter

Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

• evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.

• the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.

• limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases

• the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Why is a eukaryotic cell able to be larger than a prokaryotic cell?

• Membrane-bound organelles compartmentalize intracellular processes

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus which decreases the volume of the cell

• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus which decreases the volume of the cell

• Absence of membrane-bound organelles allows for enzymatic reactions.

Which of the following cells would have the highest surface area to volume ratio?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• They all have the same ratio

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

• CO₂
• an amino acid
• starch
• glucose