The Augustan Age / The Age of Reason

1.What was Caesar Augustus' name before he became the first Roman Emperor? 2. And who was his great uncle, his inspiration and his adopted father?

• 1.Augustus Julius.

  2.The Roman general, Marc Anthony.

• 1.Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus

  2.The Roman general and politician, Julius Caesar.

• 1.Octavian

  2.The Roman philosopher, writer and politician, Marcus Tullius Cicero.

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The Augustan Age in English Literature is called like this because it is compared to ...

• the period between 43 BCE and CE 18, when Caesar Augustus was the Emperor.

• the age of Alexander Pope and John Dryden (1700-1750)

• the age of John Dryden and Samuel Johnson (1750-1798)

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The English writers and poets imitated the Classical writers of Greece and Rome in the 18th Century because...

• They wanted to write creatively.

• They wanted to write about noble, beautiful topics, like Philosophy and Democrary.

• They wanted to follow the best standards of literary taste and respected the past traditions.

• They wanted to pursue their individual ideas and dreams, and were inspired by Nature.

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In eighteenth-century England, Neoclassicism is divided in TWO main periods...

• From 1660 to 1700, with the Restoration of Charles II

• 1700-1750 & 1750-98, the Enlightenment or Age of Reason.

• 1700-1750 & 1750-98, the ages of Dryden and Pope, plus a transitional period (William Blake)

• 1660-1798, with the Comedies of Manner of the Restoration and the novel.

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This period is also called "The Enlightenment" or "The Age of Reason" because...

• Science played a huge role in shaping this period, with its emphasis in rational thinking, in which writing had to follow exact rules and avoid sentimentality.

• Isaac Newton presented his new scientific method to test everything.

• Isaac Newton, John Locke, Samuel Johnson, Edward Gibbon, among others, wrote logical and exact prose, following scientific precepts.

• the Augustans/ Neoclassicals didn't trust imagination or feeling.

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The reign of Science meant that religion and faith were questioned. There were some who adhered to DEISM, which...

• advocated an impersonal God / force, which had created the universe.

• advocated a personal God who appeared in the Scriptures or in Church services.

• advocated a personal God who revealed himself to us through miracles, the Church, the Bible, etc.

• advocated an impersonal God / force, which didn't interfere in your life.

There were more writers in the 18th century because...

• there was an overriding interest in prose and especially, in novels.

• there was a widespread readership due to cheap books.

• More children had access to education through Charity Schools and some became writers.

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Jonathan Swift's Gulliver Travels and Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe are among the first novels of the 18th century. They have in common...

• the fact that both are about exploring new lands and cultures. They're a consequence of Britain's commercial expansion.

• the fact that both are about men who are castaways. They're a consequence of British supremacy at sea.

• the fact that both are about men who are lost in a distant land. They're a consequence of readers' interest in travelling.

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The Neoclassical writers preferred to write in an imitative style, in admiration of the Classics. That's why, the most common pieces are ______, the sort of works produced by the Ancient Romans and Greeks.

• Tragedies, satires, epics and elegies.

• Tragedies, comedies, epic poems and elegies.

• Tragedies, elegies, poems and essays.

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Readership was widespread in the 18th century thanks to ...

• the aristocracy, who were eager to read about themselves and bought novels.

• the working class, who were becoming literate in Charity schools and had access to cheap novels.

• the middle class, who had some money, wanted to read about themselves and bought novels.

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