Which statement about quantitative and qualitative methods is true?

Qualitative survey variables like name or gender are usually analyzed with quantitative methods.

Quantitative research is fully objective, while qualitative research is fully subjective.

Quantitative research generally evaluates a large amount of data from a small sample in great detail.

Qualitative research usually has an explanatory research purpose.

Informed consent, as understood by Reynolds (1979) and others, requires that participants not only be fully informed about the research project and understand the information they receive, but also ___.

participate voluntarily and be capable of giving consent

not know the goals of the experiment and not be participating in more than one study at once

be able to sign a consent form and receive rewards for participation

be selected randomly and receive rewards for participation

Which of these situations might interfere with a research participant’s ability to feel like they are participating freely?

The participant is the researcher’s best friend.

The researcher is unrelated to the participant.

The participant has signed a consent form.

The research is conducted over multiple days.

According to the Belmont Report (1979), the three ethical principles for the protection of human subjects are ___.

respect for persons, beneficence, and justice

justice, valid methodology, and beneficence

beneficence, respect for persons, and valid methodology

valid methodology, justice, and respect for persons

If research is published in an academic journal, you can be confident that ___.

others may begin to cite the research

Who ultimately is held responsible for making sure that research is being carried out in an ethical manner?

the institution or company where the research is being conducted

If an article has been peer-reviewed, it means that ___.

other academics have critiqued it and decided it was worth publishing

it was published in a book at least twice

it was written by one or more famous authors

Accessibility testing serves to ___.

help developers avoid ableist assumptions

. ensure a game’s controls make sense to the game’s general audience

make sure the average player can access a game’s final levels

Audience research helps developers ___.

understand who is playing their game, or games like it

test a game system’s balance during development

understand how easily players can find and use different elements of the UI

In explanatory research, a change in one variable ___.

can never be explained by a constant

can always be explained by a second variable

can always be explained by a constant

Which of these cases is a requirement for demonstrating a causal relationship?

The relationship between the two variables cannot be explained by a third variable.

One variable must increase while the other decreases.

You must be able to explain the context in which the effect occurs.

Which statement explains a mechanism of a causal relationship?

Playing music helps students improve math skills by improving their spatial reasoning.

A stream of water flows downhill.

As children age, their shoe size increases, and so does their academic knowledge.

When trying to get a representative sample from a large population, which statement is true?

The proportion of the population that the sample represents is more important than the size of the sample.

Neither the proportion of the population that the sample represents nor the size of the sample are important.

The size of the sample is more important than the proportion of the population that the sample represents.

Random sampling error is ___.

the possibility that a random sample will not represent a general population

the degree to which a population is homogeneous

bias caused by the method of choosing participants

Snowball sampling is when ___.

you ask participants to find you other participants

you have more participants in each successive test

you choose specific people to participate because of their knowledge

The main difference between overt and covert participant observation is ___.

whether or not the participants know the observer is researching them

whether or not the observer is in the same room as the participants

whether or not the participants were randomly selected

What is one advantage of Semi-Structured interviews over other interview types

You can cover required questions while still allowing for unexpected information.

You do not need to prepare questions beforehand.

You can be sure that your participants are key subject matter experts.

What is one way in which focus groups are different from interviews?

Participants in focus groups may influence one another’s behavior.

Focus Groups use only qualitative data, while interviews use both qualitative and quantitative data.

A focus group session takes less time than an interview.

When using focus groups, it is usually best practice to have ___.

the moderator be a different person from the note-taker

the moderator and the note-taker be the same person

Which of the following is best practice for focus groups?

making sure there is a way for people to report problems or discomfort

prohibiting food or drink in the focus group environment

making sure that every participant speaks for the same amount of time

Sampling methods in ethnographic research are generally a combination of ___.

a convenience sample and snowball sample

a cluster sample and a stratified random sample

a simple random sample and a quota sample

What does it mean to ‘go native’ in ethnographic research?

behaving entirely as though you were a member of the culture you are studying

conducting ethnographic research in another company’s game

continuing relationships with participants after the ethnographic research study ends

ES 270 STUDY FINAL

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Design

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Research is considered reliable when..

It produces results that reflect the way things actually are

It can be performed again and produce similar results

it doesn't contain bias in its results

the methodology can be easily explained

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

When performing research, we often don’t know the ‘actual’ value we are trying to assess. This makes it difficult to establish ___.

Reliability

Data

Validity

Participants

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A hypothesis ___.

is proven or disproven through research

uses data from research to describe a larger phenomenon

is the first stage of the research process

is a statement suggesting a relationship between different variables

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Deductive research ___.

tests a general theory by collecting specific data

is valid, but not reliable

almost always produces absolute certainty

uses specific data to construct a general theory

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Inductive research ___.

focuses on minimizing the probability that other explanations are true

almost always produces absolute certainty

begins with a theory, develops a hypothesis, and evaluates it with data

focuses on maximizing the probability that the emergent theory is true

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which type of research seeks to identify causes and effects and to predict how one phenomenon will change in response to variation in another phenomenon?

Exploratory Research

Descriptive Research

Explanatory Research

Evaluation Research

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In which type of research is phenomena defined and described by collecting data and making empirical generalizations about that data?

Exploratory Research

Descriptive Research

Explanatory Research

Evaluation Research

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ES 270 STUDY FINAL

Research is considered reliable when..

When performing research, we often don’t know the ‘actual’ value we are trying to assess. This makes it difficult to establish ___.

A hypothesis ___.

Deductive research ___.

Inductive research ___.

Which type of research seeks to identify causes and effects and to predict how one phenomenon will change in response to variation in another phenomenon?

In which type of research is phenomena defined and described by collecting data and making empirical generalizations about that data?

Which type of research describes or identifies the impact of a change, policy, or program?

Which type of research seeks to find out how people get along in the setting under question, what meanings they give to their actions, and what issues concern them?

Which statement about quantitative and qualitative methods is true?

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