Finals Unit 3 and 4

Western philosophy traces its historical origin to (a)   in the

6th-century B.C.

He was a 6th-century philosopher who taught water was the source

of everything. He was also the first person to claim the Earth was spherical, and

that it floated on water.

• Thales

• Pythagoras

• Heraclitus

• Parmenides

He was another 6th-century philosopher who taught that abstract

numbers were the source of everything. These numbers formed patterns, which in

turn constituted material things.

• Thales

• Pythagoras

• Heraclitus

• Parmenides

He taught that there is only

being, and no becoming. Change is thus an illusion. He reached this conclusion

because he thought being and non-being exhausted everything in reality.

• Heraclitus

• Parmenides

• Thales

• Pythagoras

He taught that fire was the

source of everything.

More importantly, he taught that

everything was in a constant

state of flux. Nothing is

permanent.

• Heraclitus

• Parmenides

• Thales

• Pythagoras

A corollary of Parmenides’ philosophy is that there is only being, and all reality is

one. Moreover, change is an illusion. This is called (a)   .

Heraclitus taught that

everything was in a constant

state of flux. Nothing is

permanent.

There is no stable being, there

is only becoming. This is called

(a)   .

They were traveling educators who charged fees for

teaching young men grammar, rhetoric, and philosophy.

• Sophists

• Empiricist

• Rationalist

• Theologians

He was a former

soldier who heard voices (divine

oracles). He didn’t like the Sophists, and

thought they would cause the collapse

of Greece.

• Socrates

• Aristotle

• Parmenides

• Thomas Aquinas

Socrates used questions to expose a

person’s fundamental assumptions. This

came to be known as the _____________.

• Socratic

  Method

• Logic

• inductive argument

• deductive argument