Vocabulary Unit 2 Activity 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

• A structure made of DNA that contains the genetic information in the form of genes needed to carry out cell functions

• The carrier of genetic information present in nearly all organisms; forms a double helix

• Segments of DNA that code for a protein or functional RNA

• A distinct characteristic of an organism, which may or may not be inheritable

Chromosome

• A structure made of DNA that contains the genetic information in the form of genes needed to carry out cell functions

• The carrier of genetic information present in nearly all organisms; forms a double helix

• Segments of DNA that code for a protein or functional RNA

• A distinct characteristic of an organism, which may or may not be inheritable

Genes

• A structure made of DNA that contains the genetic information in the form of genes needed to carry out cell functions

• The carrier of genetic information present in nearly all organisms; forms a double helix

• Segments of DNA that code for a protein or functional RNA

• A distinct characteristic of an organism, which may or may not be inheritable

Trait

• A structure made of DNA that contains the genetic information in the form of genes needed to carry out cell functions

• The carrier of genetic information present in nearly all organisms; forms a double helix

• Segments of DNA that code for a protein or functional RNA

• A distinct characteristic of an organism, which may or may not be inheritable

Phenotype

• an organism’s physical characteristics

• specific sequences of genetic material that code for a trait

• genes that code for specific traits

• structural change to a gene

Protein

• Biomolecules made of one or more amino acid polymers joined together by peptide bonds and then folded into a complex structure that performs a specific function

• A distinct characteristic of an organism, which may or may not be inheritable

• the single-stranded nucleic acid that helps carry the genetic code out of the nucleus

• Translation

Base Pair

• A pair of nucleotides found in one or more nucleic acid strands that are attracted together through hydrogen bonding

• A pair of nucleotides found in one or more nucleic acid strands that are attracted together through covalent bonding

• A nucleotide found in one or more nucleic acid strands

• single-stranded nucleic acid

Genotype

• an organism’s physical characteristics

• specific sequences of genetic material that code for a trait

• genes that code for specific traits

• structural change to a gene

Meiosis

• process produces genetically different zygote from the original parent cells

• process makes reproductive cells

• process that produces traits

• process that makes somatic cells

Fertilization

• process produces a genetically different zygote from the original parent cells

• process makes reproductive cells

• process that produces traits

• process that makes somatic cells