Structures and Functions of Living Organisms Review Study Guide

How are phospholipids arranged in the plasma membrane?

• a single layer, hydrophobic tails facing each other

• a double layer, hydrophobic tails facing each other

• a double layer, hydrophillic heads facing each other

• a single layer, hydrophillic heads facing each other

What happens to the proteins made by both free ribosomes and ribosomes bound to theendoplasmic reticulum?

• They become part of a membrane.

• They undergo further modification.

• They are excreted from the cell.

• They usually remain in the cytosol.

In a multicellular organism, the lungs are responsible for exchanging gases with theorganism’s environment. Which cellular structure performs the same task for a cell?

• chloroplast.

• mitochondrion.

• plasma membrane

• endoplasmic reticulum

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

According to cell classification, prokaryotic cells are separated from eukaryotic cells. Which feature is often used to distinguish prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

• life processes

• size differences

• plasma membranes

• energy molecules

All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found inboth prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• aerobic respiration

• sexual reproduction

• protein production

• nitrogen fixation

Which characteristic distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?

• the loss of chloroplasts

• the appearance of nuclei

• the absence of mitochondria.

• the occurrence of endosymbiotic events

How does a bacterium cell compare with a typical animal cell?

• A bacterium is smaller in size.

• A bacterium has a smaller nucleus.

• A bacterium contains more organelles.

• A bacterium lacks a plasma membrane.

Which difference can be observed when comparing a muscle cell to asperm cell?

• Muscle cells have a nucleus, while sperm cells only have DNA.

• Muscle cells move in one spot, while sperm move by traveling adistance.

• Muscle cells have a flagella to move with, while sperm cells have ciliato move with.

• Muscle cells do not communicate with each other or other cells, whilesperm cells communicate with each other and other cells.

Most of the nucleated cells in a multicellular organism contain all of the genetic informationfor the organism. Which of the following cells does NOT fall into this category?

• nerve cell.

• sperm cell

• epithelial cell

• parenchymal cell

Which process helps express the cell phenotypes and change the cell into a specialized cell?

• cell replication

• cell respiration

• DNA replication

• translation

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4