Review - The Judicial Branch

Flag burning constitutes symbolic speech that is protected by the 1st Amendment.

• Texas v. Johnson

• Mapp v. Ohio

Evidence seized in violation of the 4th Amendment may not be used at trial.

• Texas v. Johnson

• Mapp v. Ohio

Upheld the use of race as one of many factors in college admissions.

• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

• Tinker v. Des Moines School District

1st Amendment applies to public schools; cannot censor speech unless it disrupts the educational process.

• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

• Tinker v. Des Moines School District

Freedom of speech can be restricted if the words represent a "clear and present danger" to society.

• Schenck v. United States

• Engel v. Vitale

Unconstitutional for State officials to compose an official school prayer.

• Schenck. v United States

• Engel v. Vitale

Upheld the mandate that most Americans must have health insurance.

• National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

• Marbury v. Madison

Established the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review.

• National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

• Marbury v. Madison

Criminal defendants have a right to an attorney even if they cannot afford one.

• Gideon v. Wainwright

• Loving v. Virginia

Invalidated State laws prohibiting interracial marriage.

• Gideon v. Wainwright

• Loving v. Virginia