Unit 5 AP Biology Insta-Review (Heredity)

How many rounds of division in meiosis?

• 0

• 1

• 2

• 3

Answer explanation

The function of meiosis is to create FOUR HAPLOID daughter cells. In order to make FOUR cells, the parent cell must divide two times. The first division makes two cells, then the second division makes four cells.

How many rounds of DNA replication?

• 0

• 1

• 2

• 3

Answer explanation

The function of meiosis is to create FOUR HAPLOID daughter cells. In order to make HAPLOID cells, the parent cell must replication ONCE but divide TWICE. The first division makes two HAPLOID (with two chromatid) cells, then the second division makes four HAPLOID (with one chromatid) cells.

What phase does the crossing over take place?

• Prophase I

• Prophase II

• Metaphase I

• Metaphase II

Answer explanation

Crossing over is the process where non-sister chromatids exchange genetic information. This takes place during prophase I. The chromatin condenses forming a tetrad (homologous chromosomes with two sister chromatids each). The nonsister chromatids will align and exchange genetic information.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What phase does independent assortment take place?

• Prophase I

• Prophase II

• Metaphase I

• Metaphase II

Answer explanation

Independent assortment occurs when the homologous chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. This takes place during metaphase I. Recall the first round of division involves homologous chromosomes while the second round involves sister chromatids.

What is crossing over?

Answer explanation

During prophase I, when the homologous pairs of chromosomes (maternal set and paternal set of a chromosome) pair, the non-sister chromatids (inner two) will overlap. The bonds will break and reform allowing the genetic material to switch chromatids. This results in recombinant DNA.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is independent assortment?

Answer explanation

During metaphase I, the homologous chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. The independent assortment involves that the pairs independently align to face a pole of the cell. This means there are 2n different combinations that could result.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

If parent cell is 2N, what is the ploidy of the daughter cell?

• 0N

• 1N

• 2N

• 3N

Answer explanation

In meiosis, the parent cell is diploid (2N) and the daughter cell is haploid (1N). This is because the cell replicates its DNA ONCE but divides TWICE.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis

You should state the characteristics in mitosis AND meiosis.

Number of divisions

Answer explanation

Mitosis:

1 division

Meiosis:

2 divisions

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis

You should state the characteristics in mitosis AND meiosis.

Rounds of replication

Answer explanation

Both mitosis and meiosis have 1 round of DNA replication before their division processes

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis

You should state the characteristics in mitosis AND meiosis.

Parent cell vs. daughter cell

Answer explanation

Mitosis:

Parent – 2N

Daughter – 2N & genetically identical

Meiosis:

Parent – 2N

Daughter – N & genetically distinct

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4