The amount of solar energy reaching a specific location on the surface of the earth

at a specific time is called “insolation”and its value depends on several factors.Below is the factors of insolation except.

• Seasonal Variation

•  Pollution

• Height of the Sun in the Sky

• population density

Solar irradiance is composed of what to carry packets of solar energy?

• Protons

• Photons

• Electrons

• Neutrons

Semiconductor is one of material to made Solar Pv, The commonly used semiconductor materials are? Except

• Monocrystalline silicon

• amorphous silicon

• Microcrystalline silicon

• Multicrystalline silicon

TFSC is also known as Thin Film Photovoltaic Cells (TFPV)or Amorphous PV Modules  Integrating one or more thin layers of PV materials or thin film (TF) on a substrate, e.g. metal, glass, plastic etc. Below is the advantages of TFSC, except

• Large scale production

•  It has high temperature tolerance

•  It requires a small of space, less additional support and etc.

• uniform appearance - more attractive

Half-cut solar cells are essentially the same silicon solar cells – except that they’ve been cut in half with a laser cutter. This means that instead of the usual 60 cells found in a conventional solar panel, one with half-cut cells would have 120.Below is Benefits of half-cut cells, Except

• Improve solar panel performance by increasing efficiency, thereby boosting energy

  Output.

• increasing of resistive loss, thereby improve Solar panel performance.

• More Durability and increase life time of solar panel

• Improved low light performance

Microinverters allow each panel to work individually, allowing for greater energy production and efficiency. Which statement is false about microinverter?

• microinverters provide a significant advantage in shaded conditions over competing string and central inverter systems.

• Microinverters minimise losses caused by panel mismatch, degradation, cabling, and external factors like soiling. In full sun or shade, you harvest more energy with Microinverters.

• In contrast, with string and/or central inverters, shading on a single module not affects all the modules in that array.

• Microinverters optimize the power production from each individual module to deliver maximum energy from the array; If you get shade on a module, it only affects that one particular module.

A Deep Cycle Battery is the Batteries for Solar PV System.Below statement is true about Deep Cycle Battery Except

• Unlike a traditional car battery, deep-cycle batteries provide a long, steady stream of power.

• It can provide a short burst of power, but nothing like a car battery.

• They have strong plates inside of them that allow their power to be completely drained repeatedly without causing damage to the battery itself.

• Deep cycle batteries were made to power most vehicles.

There is two type of losses in solar cell which fundamental loss and technical loss. Below is Fundamental loss type except.

• Low energy Photons

• Fill Factor loss

• Optical loss

• Voltage loss

We have two type of PV system which is off grid PV system and grid PV system. below Is Off-Grid power system components except.

• Charge controller

• Inverter Charger

• Electricity Grid

• Circuit breaker

Maximum Power Point Tracking or An MPPT algorithm sets a reference value for one of the variables (duty-cycle, current or voltage) in the power converter that interfaces the PV array to a load. Below is types of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control methods Except.

• Direct duty-cycle control.

• Voltage-mode control

• Single duty-cycle control.

• Current-mode control