AP Biology Chemistry of Life Review

What contributes to water's unique properties as a universal solvent, temperature moderator, and cohesive behavior?

• Hydrogen is a special element that does not have neutrons.

• The oxygen atoms of water molecules attract electrons more than hydrogen atoms.

• The properties are related to the crystalline structure of liquid water.

• The properties are related to the high electronegativity of hydrogen atoms.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

How are the properties of cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion similar?

• The properties are produced from covalent bonding between water molecules.

• The properties are produced from hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

• The properties are related to the crystalline structure of liquid water.

• The properties are related to the high electronegativity of hydrogen atoms.

In a group of water molecules, where do hydrogen bonds form?

• The hydrogen bond forms between the hydrogen atoms of two water molecules.

• The hydrogen bond forms between the oxygen atoms of two water molecules.

• The hydrogen bond forms between the hydrogen atom in one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule.

• The hydrogen bond forms between the hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom of the same water molecule.

What do you predict would happen if water had weak surface tension?

• Small insects would not be able to walk on water.

• Plants would not be able to draw water from the ground through their roots.

• Water molecules would attract each other.

• Water would only be able to dissolve nonpolar substances.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

As liquid water freezes, the molecules arrange themselves in a way that takes up more space than liquid water. What would most likely occur if the arrangement of frozen water molecules required less space than that of liquid water molecules?

• Ice would form in layers, and liquid water would get trapped in between the layers.

• Liquid water would have a higher specific heat, making it less likely to undergo vaporization.

• The density of ice would be greater than the density of liquid water, and ice would not float.

• The freezing point of water would decrease, making ice more difficult to form.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Water has a high specific heat, approximately 4.18 J/g°. Many other substances–for example, rubbing alcohol–have a relatively low specific heat. If water and rubbing alcohol were both exposed to the same heat source, which one do you predict would heat up faster?

• Rubbing alcohol; because it has a lower specific heat, it will not be able to absorb heat as quickly

• Rubbing alcohol; less energy is needed to change its temperature, so the process doesn't take as long

• Water; it can absorb more heat and can therefore reach a higher temperature

• Water; the extra energy required to increase the temperature will also be used to make the process occur more quickly

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Which of the following best explains how water is able to dissolve ionic substances?

• The positive and negative charges of the water molecule pull on the negative and positive ends of the ionic molecule to break them apart.

• The strong hydrogen bond on water attracts the positive end of the ionic molecule and breaks the ionic bond.

• Water acts as a proton donor for the negative end of the ionic molecule to attract the anion and form a new ionic molecule.

• The water molecule shares its electrons in a covalent bond with the positive end of the ionic molecule to break the ionic bond.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-3

What happens when acid is added to a solution?

• The hydrogen ion concentration will decrease and lower the pH.

• The hydrogen ion concentration will decrease and raise the pH.

• The hydrogen ion concentration will increase and lower the pH.

• The hydroxide ion concentration will increase and raise the pH.

Answer explanation

If you missed any of the prior questions, review module 01.01.

How is carbon mainly used in all organisms?

• Carbon is needed for transpiration.

• Carbon is needed for chemical reactions in ammonification.

• Carbon is used in storage compounds and cell formation.

• Carbon is used in building genetic material.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Nitrogen is an essential element in which of the following molecules?

• DNA and amino acids

• DNA and carbohydrates

• RNA and carbohydrates

• RNA and lipids