ET Cell communication AP 1/3/23

Where does the ligand bind to initiate signal transduction?

• glycolipids

• nucleus

• phosphorylation cascade

• receptor

Which of the following is the order of steps for a signal transduction pathway?

• Transduction -> Response

• Reception -> Initiation -> Transduction -> Response

• Reception -> Transduction -> Response

• Transduction -> Reception -> Response

How is paracrine and hormone signaling different?

• hormone signaling involves bloodstream, long-distance and paracrine involves extracellular fluid, short-distance

• hormone signaling involves extracellular fluid, short-distance and paracrine involves bloodstream, long-distance

• hormone signaling involves extracellular fluid, long-distance and paracrine involves bloodstream, short-distance

• hormone signaling involves bloodstream, short-distance and paracrine involves extracellular fluid, long-distance

How are ligands cell-specific?

• Each cell has a different response to the ligand.

• Each cell has different receptors to bind to the ligand

• Each cell has different relay molecules based on the ligand.

• Each cell has different processes for endocytosis.

Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?

• hormone
• local regulator
• endocrine cell

Cells can communicate with one another via:

• chemical messengers

• hormones

• gap junctions

• all of these