Introduction to Memory and Encoding

According to the computer information-processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves

• Retrieval

• Storage

• Transfer

• Encoding

The difficulty many people have recalling the details of common objects such as pennies can best be explained by

• Repression

• Interference

• Lack of attention when encoding

• Amnesia

To help himself remember the name of his new colleague, Hope, Jose thinks about the meaning of her name—the feeling of hopefulness. Which of the following concepts best corresponds to Jose’s strategy?

• Chunking

• Phonemic encoding

• Long-term potentiation

• Semantic encoding

Which of the following is NOT a part of the brain associated with memory?

• Cerebellum

• Hippocampus

• Temporal lobes

• Brain stem

In legal cases, which type of evidence is often dubious because of subjective nature of memory?

• DNA evidence

• Eyewitness testimony

• Digital evidence

• All of the above

In a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. She asks group A to count the letters in each word, and she asks group B to focus on the meaning of each word for a later memory quiz. During a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more words than participants in group A. Memory researchers attribute this effect to differences in

• Priming

• Levels of processing

• Encoding

• Storage

________________ is the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst.

• Cereal effect

• Nocturnal effect

• Serial effect

• Postmodern effect

What part of the brain did Henry Molaison get surgery on during the 1950s to alleviate his seizures?

• Prefrontal cortex

• Amygdala

• Reticular formation

• Hippocampus

Which process transfers information from sensory memory to short-term memory?

• Cognition

• Attention

• Perception

• Sensation

The three stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin process of memory are

• Iconic, echoic, encoding

• Sensory, short term, long term

• Semantic, episodic, procedural

• Shallow, medium and deep