Ancient Greece Vocabulary #3 - Government and Events 2022-23

Rule by the few (typically aristocrats)

• Monarchy

• Oligarchy

• Democracy

• Theocracy

Written (or unwritten) framework of government and laws.  A plan of government.

• constitution

• satrap

• phalanx

• trireme

Greek military formation made up of hoplites. Tightly packed infantry with shields locked

• Phalanx

• Hoplite

• Ostracism

• Pynx

War fought between the Achaeans (early Greeks) against the Trojans in Asia Minor. Lasted ten years. Started over the theft of Helen by Paris of Troy. Agamemnon and Achilles led Greeks, Odysseus won war using Trojan horse. Mostly mythical, known from the Iliad

• Trojan War

• Persian Wars

• Peloponnesian War

• Pyrrhic War

A series of wars fought between the Greek city states and the Persian Empire. Began after Greek city states aided Ionian rebels against Persia. Greek victory after key battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis

• Trojan War

• Persian Wars

• Peloponnesian War

• Pyrrhic War

War fought between the Greek city states. Two alliances led by Sparta and Athens fighting each other. Generation after Persian Wars

• Trojan War

• Persian Wars

• Peloponnesian War

• Pyrrhic War

Soldiers who fought on horseback

• Cavalry

• Satrap

• Phalanx

• Hoplite

Battle fought in 490 BCE. Greeks versus Persians. Greek victory, repelled Persians, legendary story of a runner who ran 26 miles to spread the word of victory and died.

• Marathon

• Thermopylae

• Salamis

• Plataea

Battle fought in 480 BCE. Spartans, Athenians, and other Greeks held Persian force for 3 days in a famous last stand, allowing Greeks to get their armies together. Fought at same time as Salamis

• Marathon

• Thermopylae

• Salamis

• Plataea

Major naval battle in 480 BCE. Athenian fleet destroyed Persian fleet. In major battle at Platea a year later, Greeks defeated Persians and won the Persian War

• Marathon

• Thermopylae

• Salamis

• Plataea