Immigration, Urbanization, and Political Machines

What was the major effect of muckraker Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives? (Hint: He took the photographer who took this picture).

• Local governments improved living conditions in tenements

• States enacted more restrictions on immigration

• Landlords were required to install electric lights in all apartments

• City bosses lost their power in municipal elections

What was a major reason for the spread of disease in big cities?

• People did not understand how diseases spread

• Cities lacked sanitation and sewage services

• New immigrants refused to seek medical care

• Doctors refused to live in big cities

Which of the following is a correct statement about immigration after the 1890s?

• Most of the immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe

• Most immigrants of this period were readily accepted because of their education and wealth

• Workers from Latin America were excluded from immigrating by federal laws

• The number of immigrants declined because of restrictive quota laws

The primary reason for the development of machine politics in the late nineteenth century was-

• muckrakers demanded political reforms in urban areas

• the growth of the nativist movement among industrial workers

• rapid urbanization and immigration overwhelmed local governments

• western farmers demanded a louder voice in city politics

The Pendleton Act required some federal workers to pass a merit exam to show they were qualified to hold office. This was a reaction to-

• overcrowding in rapidly growing cities

• violent conflicts between labor and management

• problems assimilating new immigrants

• patronage and corruption in politics

All of the following are reasons political machines were considered corrupt EXCEPT-

• They accepted bribes in return for favors

• They used graft (overcharged the city for serviced and stole the extra money)

• The committed election fraud

• They provided social services to new immigrants

The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in response to-

• fears the Chinese would spread communism to the U.S.

• demands by nativists in western states

• anti-Catholic feelings in the Northeast

• pressure by big business leaders in the mining industry

The work of muckrakers such as Lincoln Steffens and Thomas Nast led to-

• outrage over Chinese immigrants in California

• restrictions on immigration from Italy and Russia

• efforts to reform municipal governments

• the passage of antitrust laws