Accessory Structure

Which of the following is NOT an accessory of the integumentary system?

• sebaceous gland

• odiferous gland

• hair

• nerves

Answer explanation

Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. Odoriferous sweat glands are known for producing malodorous perspiration.

The cells producing the pigment responsible for skin color are the ​ (a)  

• melanocytes.
• keratinocytes.
• adipocytes.
• merkel cells.

Answer explanation

Melanocytes produce the pigment me that is taken up by keratinocytes. Skin color variation is due to the distribution of melanin in the epidermal layers.

All of the following are accessory organs of the skin EXCEPT

• Hair

• Nails

• Pain receptors

• Sweat glands

Answer explanation

Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

The bundle of smooth muscles associated with hair follicles is called ​ ​ (a)  

• arrector pili muscle.
• orbicularis muscle.
• sebaceous bundle.
• biceps.

Answer explanation

Arrector Pili Muscle - is a tiny muscle that attaches to the base of a hair follicle at one end and to dermal tissue on the other end. In order to generate heat when the body is cold, the arrector pili muscles contract all at once, causing the hair to "stand up straight" on the skin

Oil is the substance produced by ..

• ceruminous glands.

• sudoriferous glands.

• sebaceous glands.

• holocrine glands.

Answer explanation

Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance termed sebum.

What cells are responsible for epidermal growth?

• Basement Membrane

• Basal Cells

• Dermis Cells

• Melanocytes

Answer explanation

Basal cells are found at the bottom of the epidermis , the outermost layer of skin. Basal cells produce new skin cells.

Accessory organs of the skin include ..

• Nails, sebaceous glands

• Sweat glands

• Hair follicles

• All choices are correct

Answer explanation

Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Epithelial cells divide, become hardened and scaly, form plates we call ​ (a)  

• nails.
• sebaceous glands.
• skin.
• sweat glands.

Answer explanation

The nail body is composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes. The epidermis in this part of the body has evolved a specialized structure upon which nails can form. The nail body forms at the nail root, which has a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that enables the nail to grow continuously.

Muscles that cause "goosebump" are called __.

• keratin

• trichosiderin

• arrector pili

• deltoid

Answer explanation

Goosebumps are created when tiny muscles at the base of each hair, known as arrector pili muscles, contract and pull the hair straight up.

Match the name of sensory receptors.

• B

• Markel disc

• C

• Free nerve endings

• A

• Root hair plexus

• D

• Krause and bulb

Answer explanation

Free nerve endings - pain, heat and cold

Merkel disc - touch

Krauase and bulbs - touch

Root hair plexus - touch