Peters-Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

The diagram shows a molecule in cells that provides usable energy to living things.

• ATP

• DNA

• glucose

• glycerol

When more energy is required for cell processes, how does the cell convert the energy needed to a usable form?

• It uses energy from the digestion of food to attach a ribose molecule to ADP to create ATP.

• It uses energy from the digestion of food to attach a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP.

• It uses energy from the breakdown of ADP to remove adenine from a ribose molecule to create ATP.

• It uses energy from the breakdown of ADP to remove a phosphate group from adenine to create ATP.

The diagram shows the relationship between ATP and ADP. What can be concluded from the diagram?

• ATP and inorganic phosphates join to release energy.

• ATP and inorganic phosphates join to synthesize an ADP molecule.

• A molecule of ATP absorbs energy when it breaks down to form ADP and an inorganic phosphate.

• A molecule of ATP releases energy when it breaks down to form ADP and an inorganic phosphate.

By what process do organisms that contain chlorophyll use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into compounds containing chemical energy?

• aerobic respiration

• anaerobic respiration

• glycolysis

• photosynthesis

In the process of photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions produce energy storing compounds that are used during the dark reactions. What are these energy storing compounds?

• ATP and NADPH

• carbon dioxide and glucose

• glucose and ATP

• NADPH and glucose

There are two types of reactions in photosynthesis: lightdependent reactions and light-independent reactions. A group of biology students creates a set of devices that will automatically measure the rates of both types of reactions. The light-dependent reaction rate is tracked by the rate of water uptake in plants, and the light-independent reaction rate is tracked by the rate of carbon dioxide gas uptake in plants. The students decide to measure the rate of the lightdependent reactions at noon, when the light is brightest, in a sunny room. They measure the rate of the light-independent reactions at 8:00 p.m. in a dark room under very minimal lighting conditions. What is the most obvious critique of the students’ experimental design?

• The light-independent reactions are dependent on the products of the light-dependent reactions which do not occur at night or under very low light conditions.

• The light-dependent reactions do not require water but rather carbon dioxide gas that is needed for carbon fixation.

• The presence of even very low light levels in the room will ensure that the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis will not happen.

• The rate of the light-dependent reactions will actually be greater earlier in the morning with more indirect light and milder temperatures.

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve the use of solar energy to split water molecules. What is the significance of this step in the light-dependent reactions?

• It results in the release of oxygen as a waste product.

• It provides free electrons for the production of carbon dioxide.

• It results in the release of energy by breaking highenergy bonds in ATP.

• It forms sugars that are broken down during the lightindependent reactions.

How is the energy produced during photosynthesis converted by cells to provide the energy needed for life processes?

• Cells convert the ATP produced during photosynthesis to glucose.

• Cells convert the oxygen produced during photosynthesis to glucose.

• Cells convert the glucose produced during photosynthesis to carbon dioxide.

• Cells convert the glucose produced during photosynthesis to ATP

A runner in a cross country tournament experiences muscle cramps toward the end of the race. After completing the race and resting, the runner’s cramps eventually go away. Which statement best explains what has occurred?

• The runner did not sufficiently warm up before the race and experienced cramping as the muscles were forced to convert fat into a useable energy source.

• As the runner reached the end of the race, fatigued muscle cells began to die at a rate faster than they could be replicated, which resulted in an increased amount of muscle cramping.

• As the runner became more fatigued, the muscles did not receive enough oxygen and were forced to perform anaerobic respiration, resulting in cramping.

• The runner did not consume sufficient levels of glucose before the race and experienced cramping because the muscles were forced to increase glucose production.

Which equation best represents the aerobic respiration reaction?

• Glucose → Pyruvic Acid + ATP

• Pyruvic Acid → Lactic Acid + ATP

• Pyruvic Acid + Oxygen → Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + ATP

• Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP