2023 H1Cancers

What is a term for programmed cell death?

• tumour

• apoptosis

• cell death

• doom

What do we call chemicals that are known to cause cancer?

• oncogenes

• carcinogens

What are the control points in the cell cycle called?

• genes

• checkpoints

How many cell cycle checkpoints are there?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Name the checkpoints of the cell cycle.

• Anaphase checkpoint, mitosis/metaphase checkpoint, and telophase checkpoint

• Interphase checkpoint, S phase checkpoint, and M phase checkpoint

• G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and S phase checkpoint

• G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and M (mitosis/metaphase) checkpoint

What is the purpose the the cell cycle checkpoints?

• To repair damaged cells before they enter cell division.

• To remove damaged cells from an organism.

Answer explanation

The cell has cell cycle checkpoint and will correct defect where possible. Only when the damaged DNA or cell is too extensively damaged beyond repair then programmed cell death is triggered for the cell to be broken down (ie "remove" cell).

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure DNA has been replicated correctly during S phase.

• G1 Checkpoint

• G2 Checkpoint

• metaphase

• I checkpoint

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure the correct number of chromosomes are present and attached to microtubules.

• G1 Checkpoint

• G2 Checkpoint

• M checkpoint

• I checkpoint

When cancer cells break away and spread, it is considered ____________________.

• angiogenic

• metastatic

• apoptotic

• anchorage-dependent

What is a mass of cells that is growing out of control?

• checkpoint

• benign

• tumour

• malignant

Answer explanation

the term "benign" or "malignant" is a descriptor for the mass of cells. Benign is not cancerous but malignant tumour is cancerous and has spread.