Unit 1 Test Psychology: An Overview

Match each description with the appropriate school of thought from psychologyMatch the following

• cognitive approach

• focuses on how information from the environment is mentally processed and organized in the person's mind

• humanistic psychology

• values the dreams of patients to reveal the inner urges and impulses of the unconscious

• behaviorist

• places importance on rewards and punishments from the environment in order to influence human and animal behaviors

• psychoanalytic

• sees people as essentially good and having the ability to improve their lives with unconditional positive regard and by satisfying essential needs

A researcher is examining a data set. She sums the total of all of the data points and then divides that value by the number of data points.

What statistic did the researcher calculate?

• the mean

• the mode

• the standard deviation

• the range

When a researcher examines the consistency of data collected in a study, the researcher is considering which of the following characteristics?

• validity

• reliability

• standard deviation

• mode

A therapist uses unconditional positive regard to help a client feel fully accepted. The therapist and the client discuss future goals and focus on the steps needed to live a more complete life.

Which perspective in psychology is the therapist most likely following?

• psychoanalytic theory

• behaviorist

• humanistic

• functionalism

What is the main difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

• A psychiatrist does not complete a medical degree, but a psychologist does.

• A psychiatrist can only work at a college teaching, and a psychologist can only work at a hospital providing therapy.

• A psychiatrist works with children and adolescents as clients, and a psychologist works with adults and the elderly as clients.

• A psychiatrist can write prescriptions, but a psychologist cannot.

Dr. Amari is investigating whether automobile accidents in her city increase, decrease, or stay the same 24 hours after daylight savings (this is when the time changes to one hour earlier). She looks up public records. Dr. Amari discovers a trend. She finds that accidents do seem to increase right after clocks are reset to an hour earlier.

Which one of the following research techniques is Dr. Amari using?

1Points

• survey research

• naturalistic observational research

• archival research

• experimental research

Match each of the careers in psychology with its appropriate description

• sports psychologist

• primarily works with athletes and coaches to improve performance, concentration, or to correct skill sets

• school psychologist

• works with students and families to provide services that help improve academic performance and meet special needs

• human factors psychologist

• work focuses on designing machines and equipment that aligns with the ways the human body moves and bends

• industrial/organizational psychologist

• effort is concentrated in the workplace to help individuals or teams achieve goals by applying principles of psychology to change behavior

Match each characteristic with the appropriate research approach:

• survey

• a fast and cost-effective way of collecting lots of data from several people at one time

• case study

• researcher intentionally manipulates at least one variable in order to measure the potential influence on another variable; helps to establish cause-and-effect

• experiment

• captures any potential relationships between two or more variables; does not imply causation, but shows how one variable might vary with another

• correlation

• investigates one person/group in great depth because of some unusual feature or characteristic

uring a first-period class, the teacher administers the test as usual with no fragrance in the room and records the students' scores.

During the second period, a different group of students enter the room. The teacher sprays the room with a citrus fragrance and administers the same math test. The teacher records the students' scores.

In this study, what is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable?

• The independent variable is the score on the math test, and the dependent variable is the citrus smell.

• The independent variable is the citrus smell, and the dependent variable is the score on the math test.

• The independent variable is the teacher's first-period class, and the dependent variable is the second-period class.

• The independent variable is the classroom, and the dependent variable is the teacher.

Tavon wants to conduct a survey asking parents about their spending habits for their children.

Tavon should adhere to responsible ethical practices in his research. Which one of the following behaviors must be completed?

• Tavon must pay the parents with money or a gift card for their time.

• Tavon must see the parents' bank records to make sure they are telling the truth.

• Tavon must keep the families' names in the study confidential and private.

• Tavon must record the names and ages of the children.