Biology Midterm Review 2023

Research has shown that weightlifting increases the number of certain energy-releasing structures in the muscles.

The cellular structures referred to in this study are most likely

• nuclei  

• vacuoles 

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

Two biological processes that occur in certain organelles are represented in the diagrams.

Which statement is correct regarding the types of organisms able to carry out these processes?

• Process Y occurs in heterotrophs, but not in autotrophs.

•  Process X occurs in consumers, but not in producers.

• Both processes X and Y occur in all living things.

• Both processes X and Y occur in green plants.

Which process must first take place in order for the starches in foods to be used by body cells?

• digestion 

• storage 

• synthesis

• excretion

A student added glucose indicator to a beaker of an unknown liquid. A starch indicator was added to a different beaker containing an equal amount of THE SAME unknown liquid. The color of the indicator solutions before they were added to the beakers and the color of the contents of the beakers after adding the indicator solutions are recorded in the chart.

What is the unknown liquid?

• Glucose because the color of the beaker was blue.

• Starch because the color of the beaker was blue-black

• Glucose because it tested positive of glucose.

• Starch because it tested positive for starch indicator.

Which life function is not necessary for an individual organism to stay alive?

• nutrition 

• regulation 

• reproduction 

• excretion

Molecules A and B are commonly found in plant cells. When tested, it was discovered that molecule A quickly passed through the artificial plant cell membrane. Molecule B did not pass through.

What is one way the two molecules could differ that would explain the difference in their ability to pass through the artificial plant cell membrane?

• Molecule A is starch and molecule B is glucose

• They don't differ, the membrane is selectively permeable

• Molecule B is smaller than Molecule A

• Molecule A is smaller than molecule B

The most likely result of completely removing carbon dioxide from the environment of a plant is that sugar production will

• continue at the same rate 

• decrease and eventually stop

• increase and oxygen production will also increase 

• increase and oxygen production will stay the same 

The diagram shows an experimental setup using an artificial plant cell. Molecules A and B are commonly found in plant cells. When tested, it was discovered that molecule A quickly passed through the artificial plant cell membrane. Molecule B did not pass through.

The locations of molecules A and B at the beginning of the experiment are shown. Which statement best describes what was observed when the setup was examined 20 minutes later?

• Both molecules A and B were found inside and outside the artificial cell.

• Only molecule A was found both inside and outside the artificial cell. 

• Molecule B remained inside the artificial cell and molecule A remained outside.

• Only molecule B was found both inside and outside the artificial cell.

Which structures regulate water loss and gas exchange in the leaves of plants?

• vacuoles 

• chloroplasts

• mitochondria

• guard cells

A student prepares 2 slides, A and B.

The water used on slide A contained 1% salt and 99% water.

The salt solution used on slide B contained 6% salt and 94% water.

Elodea cells normally contain 1% salt.  

Five minutes after the slides were prepared, a student using a compound light microscope to observe the cells in leaves A and B would most likely see what? 

• water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide A 

•  salt had moved into the cells of the leaf on slide A

• water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B 

• salt had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B