RTCH1

Some magma cools and hardens while it’s still underground. Liquid magma can also be spewed onto the surface through volcanic activity. At Earth’s surface, whether it is in open air or underwater, the magma cools and hardens into new rocks. Which type of rock is most likely formed?

• igneous rock

• sedimentary rock

• metamorphic rock

• biochemical rock

Loose sediment moves downhill, usually into a low place where there’s water, like a lake or the ocean. Layers of sediment begin to build up in the water. Over time, all those layers press on the layers below, compacting the sediment at the bottom. Minerals in the water also create a kind of “glue” that holds the compacted sediment together in a process called cementation. Together, the compaction of many layers and the mineral “glue” transform sediment into new layers of rock. Which type of rock is most likely formed?

• igneous rock

• sedimentary rock

• metamorphic rock

• biochemical rock

How do igneous rocks form? Complete the model by choosing the PROCESS that forms igneous rocks.

• cooling

• erosion

• weathering

• compaction & cementation

How do igneous rocks form? Complete the model by choosing the MATERIALS that forms igneous rocks.

• magma

• rock

• sediment

• cement

How do sedimentary rocks form? Complete the model by choosing the PROCESS that forms sedimentary rocks.

• cooling

• erosion

• weathering

• compaction & cementation

How do sedimentary rocks form? Complete the model by choosing the MATERIALS that forms sedimentary rocks.

• plastic

• magma

• sediment

• rock

Hard candy can be used as a model for sediment. How are the pieces of hard candy like pieces of rock (sediment)?

• Pieces of hard candy are like sediment because both are made of small pieces.

• Pieces of hard candy are like sediment because both are not a rock materials.

• Pieces of hard candy are like sediment because both are formed over very long periods of time.

• Pieces of hard candy are nothing like sediment.

How do the pieces of hard candy model the formation of new SEDIMENTARY rock?

• When the pieces of hard candy squeezed together, they stuck together to form new rock. This models compaction.

• The pieces of hard candy melted together to model how magma forms.

Rocks can form in different ways. This causes them to be different types.

• True

• False

When sediment is compacted and cemented together, it forms igneous rock.

• True

• False