PST&PPT

​ (a)   is used to describe an action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.

​ (a)   is used to refer to actions that were completed in a time period before the present time.

(agree) The company and its employees finally (a)   on salary raises two days ago. Since then, they​ (b)   on everything, and the rest of the negotiations have gone smoothly​ .

(take) Mark​ (a)   a trip to Asia last October. He​ (b)   many

trips to Asia since he started his own import-export business.

(play) Ivan ​ (a)   the violin at several concerts with the London

Symphony since 1990. Last year he​ (b)   Beethoven’s violin concert at one of the concerts.

(call) When she was in college, Julia​​ (a)   her parents a few times a week. Now she has a job and is living in Chicago. In the last month she​ (b)   her parents only three times.

(send) Our university​ (a)   121 students to study in other countries last year. In total, we​ (b)   864 students abroad over the last ten years.

(fly) Masaru is a pilot for JAL. He​ (a)   nearly 8 million miles during the last 22 years. Last year he​ (b)   380,000 miles.

(oversleep) Mark missed his physics examination this morning because​ (a)   ​​. He​ (b)   a lot since the beginning of the semester.

Today is the 21st of April. I started this job on April 1st. I started this job​ (a)   ago. I have had this job since​ (b)   . I have had this job for​ (c)   .