3.5 Vocab, Historical Causes of Diffusion

an informal, often short-lived kind of language used in place of standard words

• lingua franca

• slang

• dialect

• swahili

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

• animism

• colonialism

• irredentism

• imperialism

When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary

• creole language

• standard language

• official language

• pidgin language

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

• Polytheism

• Animism

• Monotheism

• Cosmogony

people for whom a particular language is their first language

• native speakers

• pidgin language

• native language

• official language

Official language of China; most native speakers of any single language.

• Swahili

• Mandarin Chinese

• English

• Spanish

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

• lingua franca

• pidgin language

• creole language

• official language

a Bantu language widely used as a lingua franca in East Africa and having official status in several countries.

• Swahili

• English

• Arabic

• Bantu

a language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in a place of the mother tongue

• Pidgin language

• Creole language

• Official language

• Lingua franca

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

• Imperialism

• Animism

• Sovereignty

• Colonialism