DBV20013 Unit 1: Introduction

The word structure relates to the study of _____(1)_____, whereas the word function relates to the science of _____(2)_____.

• (1) physiology;

  (2) anatomy

• (1) cytology;

  (2) histology

• (1) anatomy;

  (2) physiology

• (1) biology;

  (2) chemistry

Answer explanation

The correct choice is (1) anatomy; (2) physiology because structure is related to anatomy and function is related to physiology.

From the following selections, choose the one that correctly identifies the levels of organization, from the smallest to the largest units.

• cell, tissue, organ, chemical, organ system, organism

• organism, cell, organ system, organ, tissue, chemical

• chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

• cellular, molecular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism' as it lists the levels of organization from smallest to largest units in the correct order.

The smallest living units in the human body are

• cells.

• atoms.

• molecules.

• organs.

Answer explanation

The smallest living units in the human body are cells.

An example of the organ-system level of organization is the

• lungs.

• cardiovascular system.

• heart.

• kidneys.

Answer explanation

An example of the organ-system level of organization is the cardiovascular system because it consists of the heart and blood vessels working together to transport blood throughout the body.

Homeostasis refers to the

• arrangement of atoms and molecules at the chemical level of organization.

• existence of a stable internal environment.

• interdependent, interconnected organ systems of the body.

• shared environment of cells, tissues, organs, and systems in the body.

Answer explanation

Homeostasis refers to the existence of a stable internal environment.

Homeostasis regulation usually involves a receptor, a __________, and an effector.

• stimulus

• response

• control centre

• feedback

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'control centre' as it is the component in homeostasis regulation that receives input from the receptor, processes the information, and sends signals to the effector to maintain internal balance.

The regulatory mechanism that occurs when a variation outside of normal limits triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation is

• negative feedback.

• positive feedback.

• effector regulation.

• receptor regulation.

Answer explanation

The regulatory mechanism that corrects a variation outside normal limits is negative feedback, triggering an automatic response to restore balance.

When the initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus, the mechanism is called

• thermoregulation.

• positive feedback.

• set-point integration.

• negative feedback.

Answer explanation

When the initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus, the mechanism is called positive feedback.

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease body temperature. This is an example of

• positive feedback.

• set-point integration.

• receptor regulation.

• negative feedback.

Answer explanation

When the body temperature rises, the brain initiates changes to decrease it, which is an example of negative feedback.

Increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of

• negative feedback.

• positive feedback.

• effector regulation.

• receptor regulation.

Answer explanation

Increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of positive feedback, where the response intensifies the original stimulus.