Macromolecules 23

There are many different enzymes. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze (speed up) a specific reaction?

• Different enzymes are synthesized in specific areas

• Most enzymes can catalyze (speed up) many different reactions

• An enzyme binds to a specific substrate for the reaction to be catalyzed (speed up)

• Enzymes are transported to specific substrates by ribosomes

Cellular respiration involves a series of chemical reactions. Which of the following is a primary way that enzymes affect these reactions?

• They decrease the pH of the products

• They increase the rate of the reactions

• They take the place of oxygen as a reactant

• They change the location of the reactions in the cell

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which group of organic molecules (macromolecules) contains fatty acids?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

Although there are is a limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the

• size of the given amino acid can vary

• chemical composition of a given amino acid

• sequence and number of amino acids is different

• same amino acids can have many different properties

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The clear protein is an egg white becomes opaque (white) and firm when cooked because the heat

• mutates the DNA

• turns the protein into carbohydrates

• stops protein formation

• changes the protein structure

Amylase is an enzyme that allows your body to break down starch. Which diagram best represents part of the structure of a starch?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Some bacteria contain a substance called nitrogenase. Nitrogenase catalyzes (speeds up) the chemical reaction that converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3). Nitrogenase is an example of which of the following?

• A sugar

• An enzyme

• A nucleotide

• An amino acid

Which elements are most commonly found in organic compounds (macromolecules)?

• Calcium, iron and potassium

• Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

• Chlorine, phosphorus and sodium

• Copper, magnesium and sulfur

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range go pH values. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?

• The optimum (best) pH of the enzyme is 6.6

• The optimum pH (best) of the enzyme is 5.8

• The enzyme's activity is greater around pH 8.0 than around pH 5.0

• The enzymes activity continually increases as pH increases from 5.0 and 9.0

Which of the following best describes the composition of a nucleotide?

• A pair of six-carbon rings attached to each other

• A carbon atom joined to hydrogen and three functional groups

• A chain of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group bonded to one end

• A five-carbon sugar attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base