Materials, properties and their uses.

Petroleum is a liquid rock formed over millions of years by the accumulation of microorganisms. However, some scientists do not agree on its animal origin and believe that petroleum is solely mineral in origin. 

What question can be answered with the previous text?

• Where is petroleum found?

• What it would be petroleum origin?

• What are the uses of petroleum?

• When did petroleum was discovered?

The types of matter we use to meet our needs and make things are called materials.

Depending on their origin, materials can be...

• Artificial.

• Mineral and artificial. 

• Chemistry.

• Natural and artificial.

Natural Materials: Materials obtained directly from nature. They can be: of vegetable origins, such as cotton or linen, animal origin, such as wool, leather or silk, and mineral origin, such as gold, diamonds or iron.

What question can be answered with the previous text?

• What are some examples of artificial materials?

• How were the natural materials made of?

• How can we classify natural materials?

• What are raw materials?

Natural Materials: Materials obtained directly from nature. They can be: of vegetable origins, such as cotton or linen, animal origin, such as wool, leather or silk, and mineral origin, such as gold, diamonds or iron.

Why do we say vegetable, animal, and mineral materials are natural materials?

• Because they were made by humans.

• Because they were made of petroleum.

• Not all materials are natural.

• Because they were created by nature.

Natural materials are used to make other materials called raw materials. So, these materials are made by humans. Paper is made from wood, plastic comes from petroleum, glass is made from quartz sand.

An affirmation from the above text would be…

• Artificial materials are made from natural materials.

• Natural materials are made from artificial materials.

• Natural materials are made by humans.

• Humans make natural materials

The properties of materials (or matter) are characteristics that allow us to differentiate one type of matter from another. The properties of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance are called physical properties of matter.

Choose one of the options that is wrong according to the previous text…

• We can distinguish materials from others according to their physical properties.

• Some substances can be measured and observed without changing their composition.

• We can distinguish the properties between one material and another by eating them.

Other properties show the behavior of some materials in the presence of different forces and phenomena. Being familiar with them helps us choose the best material for a specific use.

Behavior in the presence of light such as Transparent, opaque and translucent are parts of the property...

• Plasticity.

• Transparency.

• Conductivity.

• Permeability.

Response to deformations such as flexible, rigid, elastic, and moldable are parts of the property…

• Plasticity.

• Transparency.

• Conductivity.

• Permeability.

Materials can be classified in different groups based on the properties they have in common.

Marcos needs to find a material with some properties such as hard, rigid, and thermal insulators for a classwork. His dad says to him Granite and marble are some examples of these materials.

Marcos already knows his dad is talking about…

• Metals.

• Ceramics.

• Stones.

• Plastic.

Dianna is doing a science project, she needs to find a material with the following properties: resistant, flexible and an excellent thermal, electrical and acoustic insulator.

What material has all the properties above?

• Metal.

• Wood.

• Textile.

• Plastics.