Chapter 11: The Renaissance and Reformation

A famous sculptor, scientist, and inventor, as well as the painter of such works as the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper."

• Leonardo Da Vinci

• Michelangelo

• Raphael

• Donatello

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The name given to the "Bubonic Plague." Fleas on rats carried the disease to Europe from Asia on trading ships. About one-third of Europe's population died in this epidemic.

• Black Death

• Black Sabbath

• Renaissance

• Great Schism

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A politician in Florence. His book, "The Prince," was a guidebook telling rulers how to secure and maintain political power.

• Leonardo Da Vinci

• Niccolo Machiavelli

• Nicholas Copernicus

• Galileo Galilei

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This German developed a printing press with movable type in 1450. His invention made possible the mass production of printed books.

• Barnes & Noble

• Johann Gutenberg

• William Shakespeare

• Miguel de Cervantes

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A Polish scientist who concluded that the Earth orbits the Sun. His heliocentric theory challenged Church beliefs.

• Miguel Cervantes

• William Shakespeare

• Galileo Galilei

• Nicholas Copernicus

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This era refers to the rediscovery of classical literature, art, and learning in general that began in Italy in the 1400s. It is often considered as one of the great turning points in Western civilization.

• Hundred Years' War

• Great Schism

• Black Death

• Renaissance

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The sale of the Catholic Church's pardons for committing sins. It allowed a sinner to enter Heaven. The Pope sold them to raise money.

• Baptisms

• Confirmations

• Indulgences

• Confessions

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In 1517, this Catholic monk posted his Ninety-Five Theses (arguments or statements) on a church door in Germany. He challenged the Pope's right to sell indulgences. He broke away from the Church.

• Martin Luther

• Shah Jahan

• Francis of Assisi

• John Paul II

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The Catholic Church reacted to the Protestant Reformation by making limited reforms and curbing abuses.

• Inquisition

• Protestant Reformation

• Council of Trent

• Counter Reformation

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A meeting of Church officials to redefine Catholic beliefs, stop the sale of indulgences, and halt the spread of Protestantism.

• Council of Trent

• Council of Forjas

• Council of Versailles

• Council of Venice

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