EAPP - TYPES OF OBSERVATION

In this observation, the observer is a part of the phenomenon or group which observed and he acts as both an observer and a participant.

• DIRECT OBSERVATION

• NON - PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• INDIRECT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION

Carried out either in the laboratory or in the field. It is typified by clear and explicit decisions on what, how, and when to observe. It is primarily used for inferring causality, and testing casual hypothesis.

• DIRECT OBSERVATION

• UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATION

• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• INDIRECT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION

In this method, the observer stands apart and does not participate in the phenomenon observed. Naturally, there is no emotional involvement on the part of the observer.

• DIRECT OBSERVATION

• UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATION

• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• NON - PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION

This method calls for skill in recording observations in an unnoticed manner.

• DIRECT OBSERVATION

• UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATION

• INDIRECT OBSERVATION

• NON - PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION

This means observation of an event personally by the observer when it takes place. This method is flexible and allows the observer to see and record subtle aspects of events and behavior as they occur.

• DIRECT OBSERVATION

• UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATION

• INDIRECT OBSERVATION

• NON - PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION

This does not involve the physical presence of the observer, and the recording is done by mechanical, photographic or electronic devices.

• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATION

• INDIRECT OBSERVATION

• NON - PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION

Carried out either in the laboratory or in the field. It is typified by clear and explicit decisions on what, how, and when to observe.

• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATION

• INDIRECT OBSERVATION

• NON - PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION

It is primarily used for inferring causality, and testing casual hypothesis.

• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATION

• INDIRECT OBSERVATION

• NON - PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION

The person who are observed should not be aware of the researcher’s purpose. Then only their behavior will be ‘natural.’

• DIRECT OBSERVATION

• UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATION

• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• NON - PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION

This does not involve over extrinsic and intrinsic variables. It is primarily used for descriptive research. Participant observation is a typical uncontrolled one.

• DIRECT OBSERVATION

• UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATION

• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• NON - PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• CONTROLLED OBSERVATION