Cognitive Psychology

Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of of___________. 

• Predictive Validity

• Factor Analysis

• Heritability

• The g Factor

When Mrs. McGuire asks her students to answer questions in class, she can quickly tell from their facial expressions whether they are happy to participate. Mrs. McGuire's perceptual skill best illustrates

___________.

• Analytical Intelligence

• Reliability

• Emotional Intelligence

• Validity

In trying to figure out how to copy and paste an item into a document, Arlene could try all possible key combinations or she could check the pull-down menus, a much faster way to solve her problem. Arlene is relying on ___________.

• Prototypes

• Heuristics

• Algorithms

• Fixations

Within a normal distribution, what percent of the population will fall between 85 and 115 on an IQ test?

• 68%

• 95%

•  99.7%

• 32%

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Vedder, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Vedder's surveillance strategy best illustrates ___________. 

• Availability Heuristic

• Confirmation Bias

• The Representativeness Heuristic

• The Framing Effect

After learning about his low score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Draco complained, “I don't believe that test is a measure of intelligence at all.” Draco’s statement is equivalent to saying that the WAIS lacks ___________.

• Validity

• Standardization

• Reliability

• A Normal Distribution

 Melinda completed the Computer Programming Aptitude Test when she applied for a position with Beta Electronics. Six months later, she took the same test when she applied for a position with another company. The fact that her scores were almost identical on the two occasions suggests that the test has a high degree of

___________.

•  Content Validity

• Reliability

• Predictive Validity

• Standardization

Raul and Sophia were having a picnic when it started to rain. They did not think of using their big plastic tablecloth as a temporary rain shelter and so were drenched within minutes. Their oversight best illustrates ___________.

• The Availability Heuristic

• Confirmation Bias

• Belief Perseverance

• Functional Fixedness

Jack and Jill watch a presidential debate together. Before the debate, Jack prefers Candidate A, and Jill likes Candidate B. After the debate, Jack and Jill are both certain that their candidate won the debate, citing instances where they did well, and minimizing times they did poorly. Which concept BEST explains their differing perceptions of the debate?

• Availability Heuristic

• Representativeness Heuristic

• Confirmation Bias

• Overconfidence

 Wolfgang Kohler’s experiment involving Sultan, a chimpanzee who was given two hollow bamboo sticks to retrieve a banana beyond his reach, led to the conclusion that the ability to reach a sudden solution can be described using which of the following terms?

• Insight

• Mental Set

• Functional Fixedness

• Cognitive Dissonance