3maj

which examine cause-and-effect relationships between or among independent and dependent variables

• Non-experimental Research Design

• Quasi-experimental Research Design

• Experimental Research Design

do not have random assignment, manipulation of variables, or comparison groups

The researcher observes what occurs naturally without intervening in any way

• Non-experimental Research Design

• Quasi-experimental Research Design

• Experimental Research Design

identical in many ways to the pretest-posttest control group design except that subjects are not randomly (NR) assigned to groups.

• Single-group interrupted time-series design

• Non-equivalent group pretest-posttest group Design

• Control-group interrupted time series design

groups are measured or tested repeatedly on the same variable over time

• Single-group interrupted time-series design

• Non-equivalent group pretest-posttest group Design

• Control-group interrupted time series design

the researcher measures only one group repeatedly, both before and after exposure to a treatment

• Single-group interrupted time-series design

• Non-equivalent group pretest-posttest group Design

• Control-group interrupted time series design

researcher observes, describes, and documents various aspects of a phenomenon. There is no manipulation of variables or search for cause and effect related to the phenomenon

• Predictive Correlational Designs

• Descriptive Research

• Correlational Research Design

involve the systematic investigation of the nature of relationships, or associations between and among variables, rather than direct causeeffect relationships

• Predictive Correlational Designs

• Descriptive Research

• Correlational Research Design

studies predict the variance of one or more variables based on the variance of another variable

these variables are not manipulated, but occur naturally

• Predictive Correlational Designs

• Descriptive Research

• Correlational Research Design

mainly focused on understanding the human’s lived experiences as it through the careful collection and analysis of are narrative and subjective data which usually takes place in the field

• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

• QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

research is to un cover social, cultural, or normative patterns involving analytical description, in terms of social setting, organisation, behaviour, and activities.

• Grounded Theory Research

• Ethnographic Research

• phenomenological research

• Historical Research

• Case Studies