Psychology Review 2-Research Methods

Which of the following would NOT be considered essential for a proposed research design to meet the requirements for ethicality?

• Research subjects must consent to participate in the project and a full description of what their participation involves must be spelled out before giving consent

• Participants must be allowed to withdraw from the project at any time

• Both the subjects and the researcher must know which of the subjects will be part of the experimental group

• If deception is involved, a full debriefing of the subjects must occur soon after completion of the project

• In keeping with protecting the privacy and confidentiality of the subjects, data should be obtained anonymously as possible

What demonstrates causation in an experiment?

• A hypothesis that succesfully predicts the outcome

• Operationalization of independent and dependent variables

• A manipulation of 1 variable that always leads to predicted changes in another

• A positive correlation between the variables

• Succesful manipulation of the way a subject responds to some aspect of the experiment

Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable. 

• control group
• population
• confounding variables

The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment

• dependent variable
• independent variable
• confounding variable

The subgroup of the population that participates in the study

• sample
• assignment
• group

The subgroup of the sample that receives the independent variable.

• experimental group
• control group
• population

A psychological or physical treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but that contains no active ingredient. 

• independent variable
• placebo
• dependent variable

A description of the specific procedure used to determine the presence of a variable.  Created so that the experiment can be replicated by others.

• operational definition
• independent variable
• controlled group

Suggested rules for acting responsible and morally when conducting research.

• ethics
• guidelines
• rules

Correlational research where one  specific group of people or person is studied in detail through interviews, file reviews, etc.  Not generalizable. 

• case study
• naturalistic evaluation
• experiment