The Reformation and Counter-Reformation

Major 16th century European movement initiated by Martin Luther which was geared to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.

• Protestant Reformation

• The Great Schism

• Counter-Reformation

• The Babylonian Captivity

Martin Luther wrote these "complaints" of the Catholic Church and nailed them to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany

• The Bill of Rights

• Articles of Confederation

• 95 Theses

• 99 Problems

Answer explanation

Martin Luther, though far from being the only critic of the Catholic Church, was a German priest whose open declarations of reform in the Church are considered the catalyst of the Protestant Reformation.

This European humanist and theologian was an early advocate of Church reforms.

• Phineus Nigellus

• Desiderius Erasmus

• Hermannus Buschius

• Vindictus Viridian

Answer explanation

Erasmus was considered one of the great philosophical masters of the Renaissance. A Dutch Catholic, his humanistic ideals and appeals for reforms of clerical life (ie, te behaviors of the priests and bishops) influenced later Protestant Reformers (such as Martin Luther and John Calvin) and Catholic Reformers (such as Teresa of Avila and St. Ignatius of Loyola).

All were abuses of the Catholic Church except...

• Selling Indulgences

• Charging fees for religious services.

• Popes were living like kings

• Priests did not wear socks

Answer explanation

I'm not sure about the socks, but the other three were major issues that many had with the Church. Selling indulgences (get-out-of-purgatory-early cards), abusing the offices of the Church, and raising the prices of Church services beyond what many could pay are some of the disagreements that led to discontent.

The Protestant Reformation began in what country?

• France

• Germany

• Spain

• England

Answer explanation

Although there were reformers before him, it was the German priest Martin Luther who i considered to be the catalyst of the Protestant Reformation.

Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church and created the Church of England with this act passed by Parliament.

• Act of Supremacy

• Council of Trent

• Secularism Act

• Act of Separation

Answer explanation

Henry VIII needed a son to carry on his lineage - unfortunately, his wife provided him with a daughter (who, ironically, would later rule England and more ironically, would not have children of her own - full circle!). To get a wife who WOULD have a boy (?) he wanted a divorce which the Pope refused to grant. In a take-his-ball-home to end the game moment, Henry broke with the Church and made HIMSELF the head of the English Church and proceeded to marry and divorce a whole bunch more.

In order to end religious wars in England, this ruler would form the Anglican Church, merging practices of the Church of England and the Catholic Church.

• Queen Mary

• Catherine the Great

• Queen Elizabeth I

• Queen Isabella

Which change to Christian church practices was suggested by Martin Luther?

• Increasing the sale of indulgences

• installing statues of saints in churches

• saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would hear it

• printing the Bible in the vernacular (local languages) so all could understand it

Answer explanation

Prior to the Protestant Reformation, Bibles were printed in Latin and masses were conducted in Latin - a language the vast majority of people could not speak. By printing a Bible in the vernacular, it enabled more people to hear the Bible for themselves or even read it in their own language, if they could read.

Swiss Protestant reformer who believed in banning all religious relics & images, whitewashing all church interiors and not having music in church services.

• John Calvin

• Thomas More

• Erasmus

• Ulrich Zwingli

Answer explanation

John Calvin was a follower of Zwingli whose beliefs in predestination and a spartan worshipping style that eventually spread more than Lutheranism. It eventually spawned the Huguenots of France and the Puritans of England and America.

French Protestant reformer who started a church in Geneva (Switzerland) and held to a belief in predestination.

• John Calvin

• Thomas More

• Erasmus

• Ulrich Zwingli

Answer explanation

John Calvin was a follower of Zwingli whose beliefs in predestination and a spartan worshipping style that eventually spread more than Lutheranism. It eventually spawned the Huguenots of France and the Puritans of England and America.