Exam 1 2024

An abnormally fast heart rate.

•   Vagal tone

•   Cardiac reserve

• Tachycardia

• Bradycardia

A client with cardiovascular disease is being treated with amlodipine, which is intended to cause what therapeutic effect?

• Preventing platelet aggregation and subsequent thrombosis

• Reducing myocardial oxygen consumption by blocking adrenergic stimulation to the heart

• Increasing the efficiency of myocardial oxygen consumption, thus decreasing ischemia and relieving pain

• Reducing the heart's workload by decreasing heart rate and myocardial contraction

Answer explanation

Calcium channel blocking agents decrease sinoatrial node automaticity and atrioventricular node conduction, resulting in a slower heart rate and a decrease in the strength of the heart muscle contraction. These effects decrease the workload of the heart. Antiplatelet and anticoagulation medications are given to prevent platelet aggregation and subsequent thrombosis, which impedes blood flow. Beta-blockers reduce myocardial consumption by blocking beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation to the heart. The result is reduced myocardial contractility (force of contraction) to balance the myocardium oxygen needs and supply. Nitrates reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, which decreases ischemia and relieves pain by dilating the veins and, in higher doses, the arteries.

The nurse should evaluate that defibrillation of a client was most successful if which observation was made?

• Non-arousable supraventricular tachycardia BP 112/60mmHg

• Non-arousable, sinus rhythm, BP 88/60

• The nurse should evaluate that defibrillation of a client was most successful if which observation was made?

• Arousable, sinus rhythm, blood pressure 116/72mmHg

The nurse is watching the cardiac monitor and the client's rhythm suddenly changes. There are no p waves; instead there are fibrillatory waves before each QRS complex. how should the nurse correctly interpret the client's heart rhythm?

• Ventricular Fibrillation

• Atrial Fibrillation

• Sinus Tachycardia

• Ventricular tachycardia

At what size is an aortic aneurysm evaluated for surgical repair or stent placement?

• 2cm

• 4cm

• 5cm

• >5cm

A client has been living with dilated cardiomyopathy for several years but has experienced worsening symptoms despite aggressive medical management. The nurse should anticipate what potential treatment?

• Stent placement

• Heart transplanation

• Cardiac catherization

• balloon valvuloplasty

What is the preferred initial treatment of an acute myocardial infarction?

• Fibrinolytic therapy

• Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)

• Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator(ICD)

• Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

The nurse is assessing the neurovascular status of a client who returned to the surgical unit 4 hours ago after undergoing aortoiliac bypass graft. The affected leg is warm and the nurse notes redness and edema. The pedal pulse is palpable and unchanged from admission. How should the nurse correctly interpret the client's neurovascular status?

• The neurovascular status is normal because of increased blood flow through the leg

• The neurovascular status is moderately impaired, and the surgeon should be called.

• The neurovascular status is slightly deteriorating and should be monitored for another hour.

• The neurovascular status is adequate from an arterial approach, but venous complications are arising.

What is the inherent rate range of the ventricles in beats per minute?

• 60 - 80

• 40 - 60

• 20 - 40

• 80 - 100

What is the name of the valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta?

• Tricuspid valve

• Pulmonary valve

• Mitral valve

• Aortic valve