Lecture 2 (Phylogenetics) EC

Both the Australian mole and the African Golden mole have front claws adapted for digging and reduced eyes - but not because their common ancestor evolved this traits. These traits are examples of

• Homologies

• Homologous Characters

• Homoplasies

• Synapomorphies

As a systematist, I'm examining if the family Carlyidae is a valid taxonomic group. To do this, I sequence DNA of all members of Carlyidae, plus other organisms that are not Carlyidae, and generate a phylogenetic tree. For Carlyidae to be considered a valid taxonomic group, it needs to appear as a _________ group or clade.

• paraphyletic

• polyphyletic

• monophyletic

• synapomorphic

Another name for a "shared derived character" is a

• symplesiomorphy

• autapomorphy

• synapomorphy

• homoplasy

Another name for a "shared ancestral character" is a

• symplesiomorphy

• autapomorphy

• synapomorphy

• Homoplasy

Synapomorphies and Symplesiomorphies are types of ________

• Homoplasies

• Analogies

• Homologies

• Clades

Aves is another name for birds. The colored portion are organisms that are considered part of "Reptilia". Without the inclusion of Aves, Reptilia is considered a ________ group.

• monophyletic

• Paraphyletic

• Polyphyletic

• parsimonious