Unit 5 AP Biology Review

How are the products of meiosis different from mitosis?

• Mitosis makes 4 identical diploid daughter cells

• Mitosis makes 2 genetically unique haploid daughter cells

• Meiosis makes 4 genetically unique haploid daughter cells

• Meiosis makes 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells

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If a somatic cell of an organism contains 64 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would that organism's gametes have?

• 64

• 128

• 32

• 16

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How are the chromosomes in a gamete different from the chromosomes in a somatic cell?

• Gametes contain a full set of chromosomes, somatic cells contain chromatids

• Gametes have twice as many chromosomes as somatic cells

• Somatic cells and gametes contain the same amount of chromosomes

• Gametes contain one copy of each chromosome, while somatic cells contain two copies

Which process during prophase I is responsible for creating new combinations of genes on chromosomes?

• Crossing over

• Nondisjunction

• Independent assortment

• Segregation

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Why are the processes of independent assortment, segregation, and crossing over important for a species fitness and survival?

• They produce stronger gametes

• They prevent mutations from being passed down.

• They increase genetic variation in a population

• They help speed up natural selection

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What can scientists determine by using the recombination frequency of two genes?

• The traits the genes code for

• Whether or not the genes are linked and their relative position on the chromosome

• How many chromosomes will be present in the gamete

• Whether or not the gene is recessive or dominant

How does independent assortment contribute to genetic variation?

• It regulates how many paternal and maternal chromosomes a gamete receives.

• It randomizes the number of maternal and paternal chromosomes a gamete receives

• It ensures that only 1 copy of each chromosome is distributed to a gamete.

• It produces new combinations of genes on a chromosome

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Why are there alleles that are considered dominant and recessive?

• Dominant alleles contain longer sequences of nucleotides

• The dominant allele is always the most common trait seen

• Recessive alleles harm organisms and are therefore more rare

• The presence of a dominant allele will block the expression a recessive allele

Why did Mendel see no recessive traits in his first generation of pea plants when the parent generation had recessive phenotypes?

• All of the F₁ offspring had the heterozygous genotype

• The parents only passed on dominant alleles to the offspring/

• All of the F₁ offspring were homozygous dominant

• The recessive genes were removed by segregation

What type of inheritance does the pedigree to the right show?

• Autosomal recessive

• Sex-linked recessive

• Autosomal dominant

• Sex-linked dominant

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