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If you visit Machu Picchu in Peru, you'll see why it's such a popular tourist site. For one thing, it's in a beautiful place, high up a mountain. Tourists spend days climbing the trail to see the scenery. Most exciting, however, is the history of the area. The site contains the ruins of a city built in the fifteenth century. In addition to the ruins, there are buildings that have been repaired so visitors can see how they looked originally. The temples and homes are made of huge stone blocks that fit closely together.

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Luis Soriano was a teacher in a small village in Colombia in South America. In the other villages and countryside around him, there were no libraries. Books were hard to find. Luis had an answer. He created the Biblioburro, or Donkey Library. Every weekend, he rode into the country with two donkeys. One donkey carried him, and the other carried books. Luis visited villages, read to children, and let them borrow books. This worked so well that the word spread. People sent Luis more books to share with the kids. Now the Biblioburro has thousands of books.

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CCSS.RI.4.5

You breathe air in through your nose and mouth. What happens next? The air travels to the back of your throat. Then, it enters your windpipe, the tube that leads to your lungs. In the lungs, this tube splits into smaller and smaller tubes, and finally into tiny alveoli. These alveoli are tiny bags that are surrounded by tiny blood vessels. Now the oxygen in the air passes through the walls of the alveoli into the blood. Your heart then pumps the blood throughout your body, getting that oxygen to all your cells.

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CCSS.RI.4.5

After losing a tooth, children in the United States look forward to a visit from the tooth fairy. In Latin America, however, children wait instead for a visit from Ratoncito Pérez (also known as El Ratón Pérez). Instead of a fairy, Ratoncito Pérez is a mouse. Like the tooth fairy, Ratoncito Pérez takes lost teeth that children leave under their pillows. While the tooth fairy usually leaves money, Ratoncito Pérez might leave a small gift.

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CCSS.RI.4.5

A tropical rain forest is a particular type of forest. It's a tall, thick jungle located in a hot region with plenty of rain. Rain forests are home to many different life forms. Indeed, as many as thirty million different kinds of plants and animals live in rainforests. Among these are the plants that produce chocolate and rubber. Also, many plants used in medicines grow in rainforests.

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When gold was discovered in California in 1848, store owner Sam Brannan saw his chance to get rich. He filled a bottle with gold dust and showed it to people in San Francisco. His efforts helped set off the California Gold Rush. Hundreds of thousands of people soon flooded to California, looking for gold. As a result, many of the miners came to Brannan's store to buy supplies. Because of this, Brannan made a lot of money selling supplies. Most miners didn't get rich, but Brannan did.

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 Mount Tambora is a volcano in Indonesia. Due to an enormous eruption in 1815, a huge amount of dust was sent into the air. The dust was incredibly thick, so it actually blocked the light from the sun. This led to several years of colder, rainier weather in the Northern Hemisphere. Crops died in China and Ireland because of the cold and rain. The cold also made crops freeze in the fields of New England.

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In the 2016 Olympics in Brazil, two runners showed true Olympic spirit. It started when New Zealand runner Nikki Hamblin fell during a race. Next, American runner Abbey D'Agostino tripped over Hamblin and also fell. When D'Agostino got up, Hamblin was still down on the track. D'Agostino helped Hamblin up. The runners continued, but D'Agostino had badly hurt her knee. She stopped. Then, Hamblin helped D'Agostino, encouraging her to finish. Later, they received a special Olympic award for showing the spirit of the games.s.

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A program in Mexico tried to get people to use less electricity. This program had mixed results. The program paid people to replace old refrigerators and air conditioners with new ones. The new machines used less power. So, the new refrigerators led to less electricity use. However, since the new air conditioners worked better than the old air conditioners, people used them more. For this reason, people actually used more electricity with the new air conditioners.

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No doubt you've heard of Dr. Seuss. But there are probably some things you don't know about him. For example, his real name is Theodore Seuss Geisel, and he wrote more than forty books. Also, it took him a lot of tries to sell his books. His first book was And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. Twenty-seven companies refused to take that story, until finally Vanguard Press accepted it. Here's something you probably know: Dr. Seuss's books are still popular with children and adults.

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CCSS.RI.4.5