Why are models important in Science?

All substances are made up of ​ ​ (a)   , hard particles that are too ​ (b)   to even see with a normal microscope. The particles always have ​ (c)   and are ​ (d)   . The particles move ​ (e)   as temperature is increased.

• tiny
• small
• energy
• moving
• faster
• closer
• atoms
• stronger
• molecules
• temperature

The ​ (a)   particles are to one another, the ​ (b)   the attraction between them. The word in science used for particles is ​ (c)   if there is just one particle. If there are two or more ​ (d)   connected by a bond, the particles are called ​ (e)   .

• closer
• stronger
• atoms
• molecules
• less
• dots

Match the following PROPERTIES (characteristics) of solids, liquids and gases to the correct explanation (reason why that property exists).

E.g. A property of Mrs Butler is that she has brown hair. The explanation is that her Dad has brown hair and passed it onto her.

• Heating gives particles energy, making them vibrate faster and more further apart.

• Gases contract (get smaller) when cooled.

• There are no bonds between them and they have a lot of energy, so they can move however they like.

• Liquids can't be compressed (pushed tighter together).

• They're already so closely packed that there is almost no space between particles.

• Gases fill their container.

• Cooling means the particles lose energy and so slow down, moving closer together.

• Solids expand (get bigger) when heated.

• Particles in this state are often spread so far apart you can't see them.

• Gases are often invisible

Name the parts of the diagram with letters A-E using the options given.

A is ​ (a)  

B is ​ (b)  

C is ​ (c)  

D is ​ (d)  

E is ​ (e)  

• evaporation
• sublimation
• melting
• condensation
• freezing
• approximation
• coolification

Energy is needed to make a change happen. Pick ONE option below:

making a sound

making a light

changing the shape of something

Explain HOW energy is involved in making this happen. Give a specific example of this type of change.

What is the unit for energy?

• Newtons

• Joules

• Hertz

• Volts

Give an example of each of the following types of energy:

a) Kinetic (movement)

b) Heat

c) Light

d) Sound

e) Electrical

f) Gravitational potential (stored)

g) Chemical

h) Elastic potential

i) Nuclear

There are three ways heat can be transferred from one place to another.

Match the name to the correct way heat moves.

• Heat travelling by waves in a vacuum (through space with no matter)

• Conduction

• Heat transferred through liquids and gases.

• Radiation

• Heat travelling via objects in contact. Mainly in solids.

• Convection

Fill in the types of energy that describe the energy change.

E.g. boiling a kettle: electrical energy --> heat energy

A) Using a toaster: electrical energy --> ​ (a)  

B) Using a mobile phone: ​ (b)   --> heat, light and sound energy

C) Turning on a car and backing out of the driveway: chemical energy --> ​ (c)   , heat energy and sound energy

D) Running: Chemical potential energy --> ​ (d)   , heat energy

E) A solar panel: ​ (e)   --> electrical energy

• heat energy
• electrical energy
• kinetic energy
• light energy
• chemical energy
• gravitational potential energy
• potential energy
• nuclear energy