Distillation

What is a hydrocarbon?

List three ways in which the properties of different

fractions differ.

Each of the fractions below burns at a different temperature. This means that some have a ‘lower boiling

point’ than others. The boiling range of each of these fractions is detailed in the table below.

Describe the relation ship between boiling point and number of carbon atoms.

Hydrocarbons with shorter carbon chains are more flammable.

What does this make them useful for?

• Lubricants

• Fuels

• Plastics

• Feedstock

What compounds are produced in the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

• Carbon dioxide and water

• Carbon monoxide and water

• Carbon dioxide and nitrogen

• Water and nitrogen

Which type of combustion releases the most energy?

• Complete

• Incomplete

• Thermal decomposition

Put the two processes used in fractional distillation in the correct order.

• Evaporating and then melting

• Evaporating and then condensing

• Condensing and then evaporating

• Melting and then condensing

Which key term is described as the attractive force BETWEEN molecules?

• a) Inner molecular forces
• b) Outer molecular forces
• c) Intermolecular forces
• d) Intramolecular forces

Molecules collected at the top of the fractionating column tend to be...

• more viscous, less flammable and less volatile

• less viscous, more flammable and more volatile

• more viscous, more flammable and less volatile

• less viscous, less flammable and more volatile

Crude oil is finite because we use it before more can be formed.

How was crude oil formed?

• From the remains of an ancient biomass, consisting mainly of plankton, that was buried in mud

• Mostly from the remains of dinosaur bones

• By fractional distillation

• By cracking