AP Development Review

Cross-sectional research differs from longitudinal research in that:

• Cross-sectional research studies the developmental changes of subjects who are of different ages

• Cross-sectional research studies developmental changes using the sam group of subjects over time as they grow older

• Cross-sectional research is more reliable than developmental research

• Cross-sectional research is too specific to the group of people being used for research

• Cross-sectional research takes too much time to gather results

Of the following sets of themes, which pair best represents the core emphasis of developmental psychology?

• Cross-sectional versus longitudinal and self-esteem versus self-doubt

• Individual versus shared and stability versus change

• Young versus old and stability versus change

• Individual versus shared and young versus old

• Stability versus change and self-esteem versus self-doubt

Which of the following reflexes is NOT a reflex infants enter the world equipped with?

• Sucking

• Swallowing

• Stepping

• Rooting

• Licking

Temperament is best defined as:

• Personality traits inherited from biological parents

• Learned behavioral tendencies of a young child

• Physical and emotional characteristics of a newborn child and a young infant

• Psychological and physiological personality traits a young child models from his or her environment

• Emotional traits that infants outgrow by the time they turn two years old

Which of the following statements best defines maturation?

• It is directly based on social cognitive learning

•  It is the basis for all physiological and psychological developments,

•  It is an automatic biological development of the body and nervous system that naturally unfolds over time

• It does not take place in all human beings

•  It is directly associated with genetic links

According to Jean Piaget, at what stages of development are children able to grasp the concepts of object permanence and conservation respectively:

•  Formal operational; preoperational

•  Concrete operational; formal operational

• Concrete operational; sensorimotor

• Sensorimotor; preoperational

• Sensorimotor; concrete operational

Jean Piaget defined egocentrism as:

• The belief that young adults don't listen to their parents

• The idea that preschool children cannot see things from another's point of view

• The understanding that young children cannot learn outside of a structured classroom

• The idea that young children are selfish and grow out of it over time

• The belief that children cannot so more than one task at a time

An awareness that objects continue to exist when out of sight is called:

• Mental image

• Sensory-motor

• Object permanence

• Object understanding

• Conservation

According to Jean Piaget, what type of learning do individuals acquire during the formal operational stage?

• Abstract thought

• Symbolism

• Memorization Skills

• Visual Learning

• Auditory Learning

One major difference between assimilation and accommodation is that assimilation:

• Is a process by which children use old methods to deal with new situations

• Is a process by which children change their thought process to meet the needs of their world

• Is a process by which children gain an understanding of the world around them

• Is a process by which individuals shape their lives based on learned observations

• Is a process by which individuals begin using hypothetical thinking skills