During the cell cycle, proteins called cyclins bind to enzymes that send signals for the cell to progress through stages of cell replication. At the end of this cycle, the cyclins degrade to prevent further signaling for the cell to divide.

Uncontrolled production of cyclins will most likely result in_

• the formation of tumors

• the immediate death of the cell

• the transfer of cyclins to other cells

• the formation of haploid cells

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?

• ATP production is inhibited.

• Cell division is unregulated

• Somatic cell growth is inhibited

• Antibody cell growth is unregulated

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The diagram represents the cell cycle.

When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G1 phase and then enter G0 phase, a resting

period. Most normal cells can leave G0 phase and reenter the cell cycle at G1 phase before

entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G0 phase and are

likely to do which of the following?

• Fail to comple S phase

• Mutate during G1 Phase

• Repeat the cell cycle continously

• Die after completing mitosis

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Segment of DNA is shown in the diagram. Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled X?

• Nucelotide

• Phosphate Group

• Hydrogen Bond

• Deoxyribose

Each strand of a DNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases that pair with other nitrogenous bases in very specific ways. A diagram of a section of DNA is shown.

3' T G T A G C T G C G C G T 5'

Which DNA strand is complementary to the one shown above?

• Strand A

• Strand B

• Strand C

• Strand D

A student used poster board to construct this model of a section of DNA

Which statement describes this model of DNA?

• The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect.

• The model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases.

• The model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix.

• The model is inaccurate because some typical bases in DNA are missing.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Four different nucleotides are used as building blocks of DNA. Which of the following can be used to distinguish one nucleotide from another?

• The nitrogenous base

• The shape of the deoxyribose sugar

• the length of the phosphate group

• The type of fatty acid

The diagram shows the major stages of the cell cycle and the percentage of time spent in each phase.

Which statement best describes why a cell spends the majority of its time in interphase?

• The cell is growing and carrying out processes such as metabolism and DNA replication.

• The cell is aging and processes are stopping as lysosomes clear dead cell matter away.

• The cell needs time to synthesize spindle fibers to complete mitosis.

• The cell needs time to complete cytokinesis.