STUDY GUIDE: DNA REPLICATION | PROTEIN SYNTHESIS | MUTATION AND GENE EXPRESSION

Location of DNA

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Protein
• Mitochondria

Structure of a DNA an RNA nucleotide

• DNA: Nitrogenous Bases | RNA: Ribose Sugar, Nitrogenous Bases, & Phosphate Group
• DNA: Ribose Sugar, Nitrogenous Bases, & Phosphate Group | RNA: Nitrogenous Bases
• DNA: Ribose Sugar, Nitrogenous Bases, & Phosphate Group | RNA: Amino Acids
• DNA: Amino Acids | RNA: Ribose Sugar, Nitrogenous Bases, & Phosphate Group

When, Where and what happens during DNA replication?

• Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment. During separation, the two strands of the DNA double helix uncoil at a specific location called the origin.
• During Replication, a piece of DNA that codes for a specific gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus of the cell. The mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA to the cytoplasm, where transcription occurs.

What is a gene?

• Unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
• A distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize.
• A self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
• A nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins
• A Chromosome with many polypeptide

What molecules are involved in Transcription and you should know what happens during this process right?

• RNA Molecules
• DNA Molecules
• Polypetide
• Monomers
• An enzymes called RNA polymerases

Why is DNA considered universal?

• DNA is considered a universal genetic code because every known creature in the world has genes made of DNA
• DNA is considered a universal genetic code because every known non-living organism has genes made of RNA
• DNA is considered a universal genetic code because every known living organism has genes made of DNA.
• DNA is considered a universal genetic code because every known living organism has genes made of RNA.

Select All Types Of RNA

• tRNA
• mRNA
• rRNA
• fRNA
• cRNA

What is a Mutation?

• A mutation is a change in the RNA sequence of an organism.
• A mutation is a change in the DNA's gene's sequence of an organism.
• A mutation is a change in the RNA gene's sequence of an organism.
• A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

What molecules are involved in Translation?

• DNA Molecules
• RNA Molecules
• The molecules involved in translation are mRNA, ribosomes, and tRNA.
• Polypetide
• Mutation Molecules

Select All Types Of Mutation

• Base Substitutions
• Insertions
• Deletions
• Frameshift Mutation
• Crynofom Mutation